纪念我的第七个CCNA实验 PPP认证实验 조작
PPP 简介
PPP
PPP 속우수 설연로 낭적 协议, 它 주요 간적 활시 针对点 对点的路由器 连接的数据链路层进行封封. PPP적 밑면 有两个子协议,一个是NCP协议,另外一个是LCP协议.其中 NCP是针对网络层的子协议.而LCP是针对数据链路层的子协议.今天我们的实验是要验证PPP的LCP协议中的pap认证和chap认证.
PAP 포효 방식
PAP 证证的主要过程是, 两台路由器相互发送对面的用户数据库里面的账号密码、如果发送的用户名和密码在对面的路有器的用户数据库中存在的.类似于我们在web应用最常规的用户名、密码登陆.
PAP 验证的过程中, 用户名和密码都是以明文的方式 进行传送的.另外, PAP的髌证过程中所发送的密码不支持MD5가밀.这就意味着, 发送的用户名和密码信息, 只能마리 배오면로 유적 상관용 户数据库
CHAP 향기방식
CHAP验证就不是单纯的用户名、密码登陆了. 목선점 폐점적 노유기 쌍방연정 상동적 밀집X, 并かつ用户名是对方的hostname. CHAP的认证的过程中不会发送用大名和密码的信息.其过程有点类似于SSH的数据传送方式.先是两个点对点的路由器的某一端生成一段名为challenge的随机数. 자연스럽게 파악단수 책상 수주 송선간 일단적 노유기.另一段的路由器拿到这串随机数后和密码X一起做一次md5加密、加密的HASH结果发送给对面的路由器.对面的路由器这个时候也把自己生成的challenge随机数和自己的密码X一起做一次md5加密、加密的HASH结果和对方传来的HASH结果做比较화여 자기 상동적 밀집.
实验
PAP 굵기 체계적인 송아지
RT1 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT1
RT1(config)#username syoui password villa
RT1(config)#int s2/0
RT1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
RT1(config-if)#en
RT1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT1(config-if)#ppp au
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication pa
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap se
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo ?
password Set outbound PAP password
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo p
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo password ruby
RT1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RT1 이치스케 정정후적
RT1(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.10.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Closed
Closed: LEXCP, BRIDGECP, IPCP, CCP, CDPCP, LLC2, BACP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=down DSR=down DTR=down RTS=down CTS=down
RT2 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#
RT2(config)#username gemo password ruby
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
RT2(config-if)#no sh
RT2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT2(config-if)#en
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT2(config-if)#ppp au
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pa
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT2(config-if)#ppp se
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap se
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username syoui p
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username syoui password villa
RT2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT1和RT2边的ppp봉장 协议设正好以后,RT1的s2/0的状态,可以看到LCP OPEN的状态
RT1(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.10.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
Open: IPCP, CDPCP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
这个时後我们尝试改掉RT2応用户名和密码、然后在RT2上debug ppp authentication查看pap认证的状态的变化.
RT2(config-if)#no username gemo
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#no ppp au
RT2(config-if)#no ppp authentication
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
Serial2/0 Using hostname from interface PAP
Serial2/0 Using password from interface PAP
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: I AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Authenticating peer
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, Unauthenticated User
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-NAK id 17 len 26 msg is "Authentication failed"
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
我们可以看到在厠掉RT2的用户名以后、debug日志中可以看到从RT2仠给RT1的认证错误的信息、告诉RT1你仠给我的用户名和密码.
접하래 我们 재파
RT2(config-if)#username gemo password ruby
RT2(config)#
Serial2/0 Using hostname from interface PAP
Serial2/0 Using password from interface PAP
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
RT2(config)#
Serial2/0 PAP: I AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Authenticating peer
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT2(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/5 ms
RT2(config)#
我们可以看到、s2/0的网口已经正常启用、这是ping 对面的IP也能ping 통了.在认证不成功的时候、RT2和RT1对相互连接的串口是ping不通的.
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
CHAP 验证 방식的实验
RT1 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT1
RT1(config)#username RT2 se
RT1(config)#username RT2 secret 123
RT1(config)#int s2/0
RT1(config-if)#en
RT1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT1(config-if)#ppp au
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RT1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RT2 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#username RT1 se
RT2(config)#username RT1 secret 123
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#en
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation pp
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT2(config-if)#ppp au
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RT2(config-if)#no sh
RT2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
RT2적 s2/0단구상 态
RT2(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
Open: CDPCP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
可以看到LCP的状态已经是Open了.
我们尝试改变RT2的hostname、然后重启RT2的ppp authentication、发现ping不通对面的RT1了、我们把RT2的hostname 개회 来以后、发现立马また可以ping通对面的RT1了.
RT2(config-if)#hostname RRRR
RRRR(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/3 ms
RRRR(config)#int s2/0
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp au
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#ppp au
RRRR(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RRRR(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RRRR(config-if)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
RRRR(config-if)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#hostname RT2
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed
RT2(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Reference
이 문제에 관하여(纪念我的第七个CCNA实验 PPP认证实验 조작), 우리는 이곳에서 더 많은 자료를 발견하고 링크를 클릭하여 보았다
https://qiita.com/xu1718191411/items/5ed87499491cb6add11b
텍스트를 자유롭게 공유하거나 복사할 수 있습니다.하지만 이 문서의 URL은 참조 URL로 남겨 두십시오.
우수한 개발자 콘텐츠 발견에 전념
(Collection and Share based on the CC Protocol.)
PAP 굵기 체계적인 송아지
RT1 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT1
RT1(config)#username syoui password villa
RT1(config)#int s2/0
RT1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
RT1(config-if)#en
RT1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT1(config-if)#ppp au
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication pa
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap se
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo ?
password Set outbound PAP password
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo p
RT1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username gemo password ruby
RT1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RT1 이치스케 정정후적
RT1(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.10.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Closed
Closed: LEXCP, BRIDGECP, IPCP, CCP, CDPCP, LLC2, BACP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=down DSR=down DTR=down RTS=down CTS=down
RT2 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#
RT2(config)#username gemo password ruby
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
RT2(config-if)#no sh
RT2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT2(config-if)#en
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT2(config-if)#ppp au
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pa
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT2(config-if)#ppp se
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap se
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username syoui p
RT2(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username syoui password villa
RT2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT1和RT2边的ppp봉장 协议设正好以后,RT1的s2/0的状态,可以看到LCP OPEN的状态
RT1(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 172.16.10.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
Open: IPCP, CDPCP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
这个时後我们尝试改掉RT2応用户名和密码、然后在RT2上debug ppp authentication查看pap认证的状态的变化.
RT2(config-if)#no username gemo
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#no ppp au
RT2(config-if)#no ppp authentication
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
RT2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
Serial2/0 Using hostname from interface PAP
Serial2/0 Using password from interface PAP
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: I AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Authenticating peer
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, Unauthenticated User
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-NAK id 17 len 26 msg is "Authentication failed"
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
我们可以看到在厠掉RT2的用户名以后、debug日志中可以看到从RT2仠给RT1的认证错误的信息、告诉RT1你仠给我的用户名和密码.
접하래 我们 재파
RT2(config-if)#username gemo password ruby
RT2(config)#
Serial2/0 Using hostname from interface PAP
Serial2/0 Using password from interface PAP
Serial2/0 PAP: O AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
RT2(config)#
Serial2/0 PAP: I AUTH-REQ id 17 len 15
Serial2/0 PAP: Authenticating peer
Serial2/0 PAP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
RT2(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/5 ms
RT2(config)#
我们可以看到、s2/0的网口已经正常启用、这是ping 对面的IP也能ping 통了.在认证不成功的时候、RT2和RT1对相互连接的串口是ping不通的.
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
CHAP 验证 방식的实验
RT1 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT1
RT1(config)#username RT2 se
RT1(config)#username RT2 secret 123
RT1(config)#int s2/0
RT1(config-if)#en
RT1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT1(config-if)#ppp au
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RT1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RT1(config-if)#no sh
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RT2 적정
Router(config)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#username RT1 se
RT2(config)#username RT1 secret 123
RT2(config)#int s2/0
RT2(config-if)#en
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation pp
RT2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
RT2(config-if)#ppp au
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RT2(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RT2(config-if)#no sh
RT2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
RT2적 s2/0단구상 态
RT2(config-if)#do show interface s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
Open: CDPCP
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
可以看到LCP的状态已经是Open了.
我们尝试改变RT2的hostname、然后重启RT2的ppp authentication、发现ping不通对面的RT1了、我们把RT2的hostname 개회 来以后、发现立马また可以ping通对面的RT1了.
RT2(config-if)#hostname RRRR
RRRR(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/3 ms
RRRR(config)#int s2/0
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp au
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#no ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#ppp au
RRRR(config-if)#ppp authentication ch
RRRR(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
RRRR(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
RRRR(config-if)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
RRRR(config-if)#hostname RT2
RT2(config)#hostname RT2
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed
RT2(config)#do ping 172.16.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
Reference
이 문제에 관하여(纪念我的第七个CCNA实验 PPP认证实验 조작), 우리는 이곳에서 더 많은 자료를 발견하고 링크를 클릭하여 보았다 https://qiita.com/xu1718191411/items/5ed87499491cb6add11b텍스트를 자유롭게 공유하거나 복사할 수 있습니다.하지만 이 문서의 URL은 참조 URL로 남겨 두십시오.
우수한 개발자 콘텐츠 발견에 전념
(Collection and Share based on the CC Protocol.)
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