uptime 및 last reboot
6030 단어 Linux
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
last
NAME
last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users
SYNOPSIS
last
[-R
] [-
num
] [ -n
num
] [-adiox
] [ -f
file
] [ -t
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
] [name...
] [tty...
]
lastb
[-R
] [-
num
] [ -n
num
] [ -f
file
] [-adiox
] [name...
] [tty...
]
DESCRIPTION
Last
searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp
(or the file designated by the -f
flag) and dis-
plays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's
can be given, in which case last
will show only those entries matching the arguments. Names of ttys
can be abbreviated, thus last
0
is the same as last
tty0
.
When last
catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT
signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-/), last
will show how far it has searched through
the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last
will then terminate.
The pseudo user reboot
logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus last
reboot
will show a log of
all reboots since the log file was created.
Lastb
is the same as last
, except that by default it shows a log of the file /var/log/btmp
, which
contains all the bad login attempts.
OPTIONS
-
num
This is a count telling last
how many lines to show.
-n
num
The same.
-t
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is useful, e.g., to determine eas-
ily who was logged in at a particular time -- specify that time with -t
and look for "still
logged in".
-f
file
Specifies a file to search other than /var/log/wtmp
.
-R
Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
-a
Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next flag.
-d
For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host but its IP number
as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.
-i
This option is like -d
in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it displays
the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
-o
Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
-x
Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
NOTES
The files wtmp
and btmp
might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they
are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be cre-
ated with a simple touch(1)
command (for example, touch
/var/log/wtmp
).
FILES
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/btmp
AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels AT
cistron.nl
SEE
ALSO
shutdown(8)
, login(1)
, init(8)
-----------------
last reboot
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