No.036 [Python] 정규 표현식 "모듈 re"

이번에는 정규 표현식'모듈re'를 쓰겠습니다.

I'll write about "re module", regular expression in python"on this page.

■ 문자열의 시작이 패턴과 일치하는지 여부: match () 함수

 The judgement of agreement between a lead position of strings and a pattern: match()function

>>> import re
>>> 
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> # 文字列の先頭とパターンとの一致有無の確認：match()
>>> 
>>> # re.match()にて調べることが可能
>>> 
>>> m = re.match("one",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='one'>
>>> # ↑ 一致の場合は、matchオブジェクトを返す

>>> # matchオブジェクトは、以下のmethodを持つ
>>> # group(), start(), end(), span(), etc.
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> 
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.match("one",w)
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='one'>
>>> 
>>> print(m.group())
one
>>> 
>>> print(m.start())
0
>>> 
>>> print(m.end())
3
>>> 
>>> print(m.span())
(0, 3)

>>> # group()：パターンに一致した全体を返す
>>> # groups()：()で囲まれた部分と一致した各文字列をタプルで取得可能
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.match("(one) (two)",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(0, 7), match='one two'>
>>> 
>>> print(m.group())
one two
>>> 
>>> print(m.groups())
('one', 'two')
>>> 
>>> # 先頭に一致する文字列がない場合：Noneを返す
>>> 
>>> m = re.match("two", w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
None

■ 조사 모델의 일치: 검색 ()

 Search for pattern agreements

>>> # 先頭にない文字列を調べることが可能
>>> # re.match()と同様、一致の場合はmatchオブジェクトを返す
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.search("one",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='one'>
>>> 
>>> m = re.search("two",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(4, 7), match='two'>
>>> #↑ 文字列中に一致箇所が複数あっても最初に一致したかのみ返す

■ 모든 일치점을 목록으로 반환:findall ()

 Return all the part of agreement by lists

>>> # 一致箇所を全てリストにして返す
>>> # 返すのはmatchオブジェクトではない
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> 
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.findall("one",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
['one', 'one']
>>> 
>>> m = re.findall("one two",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
['one two', 'one two']

■ 일치하는 곳 모두 균형기로 돌려주기:finditer()

 Return all the part of agreement by iterators

>>> # re.finditer():一致箇所をmatchオブジェクトのイテレータで返す
>>> # re.findallとは異なり、matchオブジェクトを得られる
>>> 
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.finditer('one', w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
<callable_iterator object at 0x107b79fd0>
>>> 
>>> for match in m:
    print(match)


<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='one'>
<re.Match object; span=(8, 11), match='one'>

■ 일치된 교체:sub()/subn()

 Replacement the part of agreement

>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> m = re.sub("one", "ONE",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
ONE two ONE two
>>> 
>>> m = re.sub("one two", "ONE TWO", w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
ONE TWO ONE TWO
>>> 
>>> #パターンの一部を囲み、置換後の文字列中の一致箇所を使用することが可能
>>> 
>>> m = re.sub("(one) (two)", "\\1X\\2",w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
oneXtwo oneXtwo
>>> 
>>> m = re.sub('(one) (two)', r'\1X\2', w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
oneXtwo oneXtwo

■ 패턴에 따른 문자열 분할: split ()

 String division by patterns

>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> m = re.split(" ", w)
>>> 
>>> print(m)
['one', 'two', 'one', 'two']

■ 정규 표현식 대상의 컴파일:comple ()

 Complie of regular expression obejcts

>>> # re.compile()：同じパターンの繰り返し使用の場合
>>> # パターンをコンパイルして正規表現オブジェクトを生成したほうがいい
>>> 
>>> import re
>>> w = "one two one two"
>>> 
>>> com = re.compile("one")
>>> 
>>> m = com.match(w)
>>> print(m)
<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='one'>
>>> 
>>> m = com.findall(w)
>>> print(m)
['one', 'one']
>>> 
>>> m = com.sub("ONE", w)
>>> print(m)
ONE two ONE two

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