Objective
Here we will learn how to Setup headless Raspberry Pi. We want to setup Raspberry Pi headless to access it via PuTTY (ssh) on a different machine or PC (using the same WiFi 2.4GHz network) with a static IP address.

방법 1

Follow Step A to Step D for setup Raspberry Pi without connecting it to a keyboard and monitor.

Step-A Setup wifi manually

Once we wrote image to SD card(see, Step 1 Download and Write Image to SD card). We need to setup wifi manually for Headless Raspberry Pi. Create wpa_supplicant.conf file, enter country, ssid, psk (password) details.

# In this example I am using macOS
cd /Volumes/boot/
nano wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=«your_ISO-3166-1_two-letter_country_code»

network={
    ssid="«your_SSID»"
    psk="«your_PSK»"
}

Step-B Enable SSH

To enable SSH on Raspberry Pi, please create an empty file with the name ssh (without any extension). Place this file in the root directory of the SD card.

# In this example I am using macOS
cd /Volumes/boot/
touch ssh

Step-C Scan IP address

Insert sd card in Raspberry Pi and power on. Wait for a minute.
Now search IP through one of the following app
(windows): htps //w w. 아 d ゔ ㄱ せ d ㅇ ps 칸 r. 코m/
(macOS): IP Scanner app (download from App Store)
ex.

# In this example I am using macOS

Step-D: Connect via ssh

Connect to your Raspberry Pi via ssh, use the IP address given in your result (Step-C)

# In this example I am using macOS (terminal app), on Windows you can use PuTTY.
ssh [email protected] -p 22

Password 'raspberry'

Method 2

If above method is not working for you, you need to follow Step 1 to 7 by connecting Raspberry Pi to a keyboard and a monitor.

Step 1 Download and Write Image to SD 카드

Download 'RASPBIAN STRETCH LITE' 이미지

htps //w w. 등 sp 벨 ry 피. 오 rg / 도 w 응 아 ds / 등 sp 비안 /

Using 'Etcher' software to write 'RASPBIAN STRETCH LITE' Image to the SD card

Download Etcher: h tps : // 에 t ぇ r. 이오/

Step 2 Power On

Plug in keyboard, monitor HDMI cable and insert SD card into Pi

Plug the power cable into Pi

Login with user name 'pi' and password 'raspberry'

Step 3 Switch to 'Root' 사용자

To access Pi with 'Root' user, we will setup a new Password for the 'Root' user.

#login as a root user
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo -i

#see the user name 'root'
root@raspberrypi:~#

#set a new password for the root user
root@raspberrypi:~# passwd

#Enter new UNIX password:
#Retype new UNIX password:
#passwd: password updated successfully
root@raspberrypi:~#

To access pi as a 'Root' user via ssh, we need to allow 'PermitRootLogin'.

#set 'PermitRootLogin' as 'yes'
root@raspberrypi:~# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#Find 'PermitRootLogin prohibit-password' text and replace it as 'PermitRootLogin yes'
PermitRootLogin yes

#save sshd_config file (ctrl + x)

Step 4 Enable SSH Server

Enable remote command line access to your Pi using SSH

root@raspberrypi:~# raspi-config

#select -> '5 Interfacing Options Configure connections to peripherals'
#select -> 'P2 SSH Enable/Disable remote command line access to your Pi using SSH'
#'Would you like the SSH server to be enabled?' Yes

#'The SSH server is enabled' Ok

Step 5 Setup WiFi Network

Find SSID (You can use your mobile or computer)


You can also try the following command to find SSID via your Raspberry Pi.

root@raspberrypi:~# iwlist scan | grep SSID

                    ESSID:"HUMAX-58FAB"
                    ESSID:"HUMAX-59092"
lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.

eth0      Interface doesn't support scanning.

                    ESSID:"HUMAX-C86EB"

root@raspberrypi:~# raspi-config

# Select -> '2. Network Options Configure network settings'
# Select -> 'N2 Wi-fi Enter SSID and passphrase'
# 'Please enter SSID' 
# Ok
# 'Please enter passphrase. Leave it empty if none.'
# Ok
# Finish

#Reboot your Pi (see at the left bottom and type 'reboot' command) 
root@raspberrypi:~# reboot

# Login with user 'root' and Enter the password.

# Test outgoing traffic
root@raspberrypi:~# ping google.com
#64 bytes from xxxx-in-xx.xx.net (xxx): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=49.9 ms
# press (ctrl + c)

Step 6 Setup static IP

#1. Enter following command
root@raspberrypi:~# ip -4 addr show dev wlan0 | grep inet
#output, ex.
inet 192.168.179.1/24 brd 192.168.179.255 scope global wlan0

#2. Enter Following command
root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by resolvconf, ex.
# nameserver 192.168.179.1

#3. Enter Following command to create a backup file
root@raspberrypi:~# cp /etc/dhcpcd.conf /etc/dhcpcd.conf.backup

#4. Open dhcpcd.conf file
root@raspberrypi:~# nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf 

#Based on the above information (#1 and #2), we will add following lines to the top of dhcpcd.conf
# We want to use static ip_address as 192.168.179.111 (based on #1, it should be in between lower address bound 192.168.179.1 and upper address bound 192.168.179.255), values of static routers and static domain_name_servers (based on #2)

interface wlan0
static ip_address=192.168.179.111
static routers=192.168.179.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.179.1

#save the file (Ctrl + x) and reboot your pi
root@raspberrypi:~# reboot

Step 7 Connect via an another machine

We can try to access Pi (Connection Type: SSH) with "Host Name: 192.168.179.111"and "Port: 22"via an another machine but using the same wi-fi network. You can use PuTTY. In the following example I am using 'Terminal' app on my Mac computer.

ssh [email protected] -p 22

#The authenticity of host '192.168.179.111 (192.168.179.111)' can't be established.
#ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:A32M**************************************.
# Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

#Enter the password (That we set in Step 3 for the 'root' user)
[email protected]'s password: 

root@raspberrypi:~# 

Happy Coding!
My Website - htps //w w. Py 보 ys. 코m/