sort 명령: 파일 정렬

    sort 명령 은 File 매개 변수 가 지정 한 파일 의 줄 을 정렬 하고 결 과 를 표준 출력 에 기록 합 니 다.File 매개 변수 가 여러 파일 을 지정 하면 sort 명령 은 이 파일 들 을 연결 하고 파일 로 정렬 합 니 다.
sort 문법

sort [-fbMnrtuk] [file or stdin]
选项与参数：
-f  ：忽略大小写的差异，例如 A 与 a 视为编码相同；
-b  ：忽略最前面的空格符部分；
-M  ：以月份的名字来排序，例如 JAN, DEC 等等的排序方法；
-n  ：使用『纯数字』进行排序(默认是以文字型态来排序的)；
-r  ：逆序排序；
-u  ：就是 uniq ，相同的数据中，仅出现一行代表；
-t  ：分隔符，默认是用 [tab] 键来分隔；
-k  ：以那个区间 (field) 来进行排序的意思

/etc/passwd 계 정 정렬

smurf@Lenovo-U410:~$ cat /etc/passwd|sort
avahi-autoipd:x:105:113:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
avahi:x:111:117:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
colord:x:113:121:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:x:104:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
kernoops:x:106:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:
lightdm:x:112:118:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:x:102:106::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
mysql:x:116:125:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:115:122:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
rtkit:x:107:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
saned:x:108:115::/home/saned:/bin/false
smurf:x:1000:1000:smurf,,,:/home/smurf:/bin/bash
speech-dispatcher:x:110:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
syslog:x:101:104::/home/syslog:/bin/false
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
usbmux:x:103:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/home/usbmux:/bin/false
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
whoopsie:x:109:116::/nonexistent:/bin/false
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
sort 是默认以第一个数据来排序，而且默认是以字符串形式来排序,所以由字母 a 开始升序排序。

/etc/passwd 내용 은: 로 구 분 됩 니 다. 세 번 째 칸 으로 정렬 하고 싶 습 니 다. 어떻게 해 야 합 니까?

smurf@Lenovo-U410:~$  cat /etc/passwd | sort -t ':' -k 3
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
smurf:x:1000:1000:smurf,,,:/home/smurf:/bin/bash
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog:x:101:104::/home/syslog:/bin/false
messagebus:x:102:106::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
usbmux:x:103:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/home/usbmux:/bin/false
dnsmasq:x:104:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
avahi-autoipd:x:105:113:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
kernoops:x:106:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
rtkit:x:107:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
saned:x:108:115::/home/saned:/bin/false
whoopsie:x:109:116::/nonexistent:/bin/false
speech-dispatcher:x:110:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh
avahi:x:111:117:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
lightdm:x:112:118:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false
colord:x:113:121:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
pulse:x:115:122:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
mysql:x:116:125:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin

기본적으로 문자열 로 정렬 합 니 다. 숫자 로 정렬 하려 면:

smurf@Lenovo-U410:~$ cat /etc/passwd|sort -t ":" -k 3n
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:
syslog:x:101:104::/home/syslog:/bin/false
messagebus:x:102:106::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
usbmux:x:103:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/home/usbmux:/bin/false
dnsmasq:x:104:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
avahi-autoipd:x:105:113:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
kernoops:x:106:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
rtkit:x:107:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
saned:x:108:115::/home/saned:/bin/false
whoopsie:x:109:116::/nonexistent:/bin/false
speech-dispatcher:x:110:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh
avahi:x:111:117:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
lightdm:x:112:118:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false
colord:x:113:121:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
pulse:x:115:122:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
mysql:x:116:125:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
smurf:x:1000:1000:smurf,,,:/home/smurf:/bin/bash
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin