Go를 사용하여 단일 바이너리 파일로 단일 페이지 애플리케이션 제공

SPA(단일 페이지 애플리케이션)를 배포하는 대안이 많이 있지만 격리된 환경이나 이식성 문제에 배포해야 하는 상황을 찾을 수 있습니다.

따라서 이 기사에서는 SvelteKit을 사용하여 SPA를 생성하고(또는 인기 있는 프런트 엔드 프레임워크를 사용할 수도 있음) embed을 Go과 함께 단일 이진 파일로 생성합니다.

📦 최종 저장소는 Github에서 호스팅됩니다.

<script>
  const status = fetch("/hello.json")
    .then((r) => r.json())
    .catch((err) => {
      throw new Error(err);
    });
</script>

<svelte:head>
  <title>About</title>
</svelte:head>

<h1>About</h1>

<p>
  <strong>server respond</strong>:
  {#await status}
    loading
  {:then data}
    {data.message}
  {:catch err}
    failed to load data
  {/await}
</p>

<p>This is about page</p>

<style>
  h1 {
    color: green;
  }
</style>

go-embed-spa/frontend/src/routes/about.svelte

You'll notice there is a script to fetch JSON data. No worry, we'll create the handler in Go later.

At the index.svelte file, add <svelte:head> with a title tag. So the application will have a title in the <head> tag. Add a style for heading one with a color of blueviolet.

<svelte:head>
  <title>Homepage</title>
</svelte:head>

<h1>Welcome to SvelteKit</h1>
<p>
  Visit <a href="https://kit.svelte.dev" rel="external">kit.svelte.dev</a> to
  read the documentation
</p>

<style>
  h1 {
    color: blueviolet;
  }
</style>

go-embed-spa/frontend/src/routes/about.svelte

Add a CSS file at go-embed-spa/frontend/src/global.css

body {
  background-color: aliceblue;
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen,
    Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
}

Next, add __layout.svelte . Import the global.css and add a navigation.

<script>
  import "../global.css";
</script>

<nav>
  <a href=".">Home</a>
  <a href="/about">About</a>
  <a href="/404">404</a>
</nav>

<slot />

go-embed-spa/frontend/src/routes/__layout.svelte

The last one will be adding the __error.svelte page with the content below:

<script context="module">
  export function load({ status, error }) {
    return {
      props: { status, error },
    };
  }
</script>

<script>
  export let status, error;
</script>

<svelte:head>
  <title>{status}</title>
</svelte:head>

<h1>{status}</h1>

<p>{error.message}</p>

<style>
  h1 {
    color: crimson;
  }
</style>

go-embed-spa/frontend/src/routes/__error.svelte

정적 파일 빌드

To generate the static files, run this command below:

npm run build
# or
npm run build --prefix ./frontend
# if not inside the frontend directory

The run build command has generated static files inside the build directory, which we'll embed and serve with Go later.

go-embed-spa/
└── frontend/
    ├── .svelte-kit/
    ├── build/          # generated from the build command
    ├── node_modules/
    ├── src/
    └── static/

Go 초기화

To initialize the Go module, run the command on the terminal:

go mod init github.com/${YOUR_USERNAME}/go-embed-spa

Replace ${YOUR_USERNAME} with your Github username. This command will generate a new file called go.mod .

정적 파일 포함

Create a new file called frontend.go inside the frontend folder.

package frontend

import (
    "embed"
    "io/fs"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

// Embed the build directory from the frontend.
//go:embed build/*
//go:embed build/_app/immutable/pages/*
//go:embed build/_app/immutable/assets/pages/*
var BuildFs embed.FS

// Get the subtree of the embedded files with `build` directory as a root.
func BuildHTTPFS() http.FileSystem {
    build, err := fs.Sub(BuildFs, "build")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    return http.FS(build)
}

go-embed-spa/frontend/frontend.go

A quick notes about the Go embed directive:

We can't use the //go:embed directive if the pattern started with ../ .

But luckily we can export the embed variable. That's the reason why the variable and function name started with capital letter .

디렉토리 패턴이 있는 //go:embed 지시어는 . 또는 _ 로 시작하는 파일 이름을 제외하고 모든 파일과 하위 디렉토리를 재귀적으로 포함합니다. 따라서 명시적으로 * 기호를 사용하여 포함해야 합니다.

io/fs 메서드를 사용하는 Sub 라이브러리는 포함된 파일의 하위 트리를 가져옵니다. 따라서 build 디렉토리를 루트로 사용할 수 있습니다.

Go HTTP 라이브러리와 함께 제공

Create a new file called main.go at /go-embed-spa/cmd/http/main.go

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/aprakasa/go-embed-spa/frontend"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/hello.json", handleHello)
    http.HandleFunc("/", handleSPA)
    log.Println("the server is listening to port 5050")
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":5050", nil))
}

func handleHello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    res, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
        "message": "hello from the server",
    })
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.Write(res)
}

func handleSPA(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    http.FileServer(frontend.BuildHTTPFS()).ServeHTTP(w, r)
}

The handleHello is a handler function to serve the JSON at the /hello.json route.
The handleSPA is a handler function to serve the embedded static files.

At this point, the code is enough to embed and serve the build directory from the binary. You can try it by running:

go build ./cmd/http

Try to delete the build/ directory to verify if it is embedded. And then run the binary.

./http
# or
./http.exe
# for windows user

Open the browser and navigate to http://localhost:5050 .

찾을 수 없는 경로 처리

Unfortunately, if we direct access to the non-root path, the server will send a 404 error not found. The logic for handling the routes is from the client-side, which is the basic behavior for the single-page application.

We can solve the not-found routes by comparing the requested URL path and the files inside the embedded build directory. So if there are no matching files based on the requested URL path, the server-side will send the index.html file.

The final Go code to handle the not-found route:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"

    "github.com/aprakasa/go-embed-spa/frontend"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/hello.json", handleHello)
    http.HandleFunc("/", handleSPA)
    log.Println("the server is listening to port 5050")
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":5050", nil))
}

func handleHello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    res, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
        "message": "hello from the server",
    })
    if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
        return
    }
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.Write(res)
}

func handleSPA(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    buildPath := "build"
    f, err := frontend.BuildFs.Open(filepath.Join(buildPath, r.URL.Path))
    if os.IsNotExist(err) {
        index, err := frontend.BuildFs.ReadFile(filepath.Join(buildPath, "index.html"))
        if err != nil {
            http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
            return
        }
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
        w.Write(index)
        return
    } else if err != nil {
        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
        return
    }
    defer f.Close()
    http.FileServer(frontend.BuildHTTPFS()).ServeHTTP(w, r)
}

Now we can rebuild the static files and the binary by running:

npm run build --prefix ./frontend && go build ./cmd/http

Run the application from the binary with:

./http

Try to direct access to https://localhost:5050/about or the unknown router in the browser. If everything setup correctly, the the not-found will be handled by the client-side.

Echo 프레임워크와 함께 제공

Add a new file under go-embed-spa/cmd/echo/main.go

package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/aprakasa/go-embed-spa/frontend"
    "github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
    "github.com/labstack/echo/v4/middleware"
)

func main() {
    app := echo.New()
    app.GET("/hello.json", handleHello)
    app.Use(middleware.StaticWithConfig(middleware.StaticConfig{
        Filesystem: frontend.BuildHTTPFS(),
        HTML5:      true,
    }))
    log.Fatal(app.Start(":5050"))
}

func handleHello(c echo.Context) error {
    return c.JSON(http.StatusOK, echo.Map{
        "message": "hello from the echo server",
    })
}

Handling the not-found route and creating API end-point is more simpler with Echo Framework . 정적 구성 미들웨어에서 HTML5에 대해 true로 설정하기만 하면 됩니다.

Fiber 프레임워크와 함께 제공

Add a new file under go-embed-spa/cmd/fiber/main.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os"

    "github.com/aprakasa/go-embed-spa/frontend"
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2/middleware/filesystem"
)

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()
    app.Get("/hello.json", handleHello)
    app.Use("/", filesystem.New(filesystem.Config{
        Root:         frontend.BuildHTTPFS(),
        NotFoundFile: "index.html",
    }))
    log.Fatal(app.Listen(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", os.Getenv("APP_PORT"))))
}

func handleHello(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
    return c.JSON(fiber.Map{"message": "hello from the fiber server"})
}

Fiber Framework은 또한 filesystem 미들웨어에서 index.html로 NotFoundFile을 구성하여 찾을 수 없는 경로를 처리하기 위한 완벽한 통합을 제공합니다.

Docker로 컨테이너화

To streamline the deploy process, add a Dockerfile inside the project directory with the instructions below:

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.2

# Stage 1: Build the static files
FROM node:16.15.0-alpine3.15 as frontend-builder
WORKDIR /builder
COPY /frontend/package.json /frontend/package-lock.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY /frontend .
RUN npm run build

# Stage 2: Build the binary
FROM golang:1.18.3-alpine3.15 as binary-builder
ARG APP_NAME=http
RUN apk update && apk upgrade && \
  apk --update add git
WORKDIR /builder
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
COPY --from=frontend-builder /builder/build ./frontend/build/
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \
  -ldflags='-w -s -extldflags "-static"' -a \
  -o engine cmd/${APP_NAME}/main.go

# Stage 3: Run the binary
FROM gcr.io/distroless/static
ENV APP_PORT=5050
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=binary-builder --chown=nonroot:nonroot /builder/engine .
EXPOSE $APP_PORT
ENTRYPOINT ["./engine"]

Since we have three entry points, we can use ARG instruction to set a custom directory. Let's say APP_NAME with http as the default value.

We can also set the app port to be more customizable with a variable of APP_PORT and set the default value with 5050 .

We'll need to update all the hardcoded ports from our Go entry points.

// go-embed-spa/cmd/http/main.go
log.Printf("the server is listening to port %s", os.Getenv("APP_PORT"))
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", os.Getenv("APP_PORT")), nil))

// go-embed-spa/cmd/echo/main.go
log.Fatal(app.Start(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", os.Getenv("APP_PORT"))))

// go-embed-spa/cmd/fiber/main.go
log.Fatal(app.Listen(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", os.Getenv("APP_PORT"))))

Don't forget to import the os library.

메이크파일 추가

Add a new file called Makefile to shortend the build process.

FRONTEND_DIR=frontend
BUILD_DIR=build
APP_NAME=http
APP_PORT=5050

clean:
    cd $(FRONTEND_DIR); \
    if [ -d $(BUILD_DIR) ] ; then rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR) ; fi

static: clean
    cd $(FRONTEND_DIR); \
    npm install; \
    npm run build

build: clean
    DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build -t spa:$(APP_NAME) --build-arg APP_NAME=$(APP_NAME) .

run:
    docker run -dp $(APP_PORT):$(APP_PORT) --name spa-$(APP_NAME) -e APP_PORT=$(APP_PORT) --restart unless-stopped spa:$(APP_NAME)

.PHONY: clean static

Now we can build the docker image with:

make build # for net/http libary
make build APP_NAME=echo # for echo libary
make build APP_NAME=fiber # for fiber libary

To run the image we can run the command with:

make run # for net/http libary
make run APP_NAME=echo APP_PORT=5051 # for echo libary
make run APP_NAME=fiber APP_PORT=5052 # for fiber libary

As a result, we have a tiny little single-page application combined with the HTTP server.

Reference

이 문제에 관하여(Go를 사용하여 단일 바이너리 파일로 단일 페이지 애플리케이션 제공), 우리는 이곳에서 더 많은 자료를 발견하고 링크를 클릭하여 보았다 https://dev.to/aryaprakasa/serving-single-page-application-in-a-single-binary-file-with-go-12ij

텍스트를 자유롭게 공유하거나 복사할 수 있습니다.하지만 이 문서의 URL은 참조 URL로 남겨 두십시오.

우수한 개발자 콘텐츠 발견에 전념 (Collection and Share based on the CC Protocol.)

Go를 사용하여 단일 바이너리 파일로 단일 페이지 애플리케이션 제공

목차

비디오 버전

SvelteKit 초기화

어댑터 정적 구성

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