OCP SQL 예 - 2

--external table
--                  ， Oracle      ，  sqlldr       
--     ，    external table  oracle    。


--   Oracle  ，  Oracle       

CREATE DIRECTORY ORCL_LOG as 'F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\admin\orcl\bdump';
--     

CREATE TABLE ALERT_LOG(
LOG_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)
)
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
(
TYPE ORACLE_LOADER
DEFAULT DIRECTORY ORCL_LOG
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
 RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE--        
 NOBADFILE
 NODISCARDFILE
 NOLOGFILE
 )
 LOCATION('ALERT_ORCL.LOG')
 )
 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
--     

SELECT * FROM ALERT_LOG WHERE ROWNUM <= 10;

LOG_TEXT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Dump file f:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1/admin/orcl/bdump\alert_orcl.log
Sun Oct 21 09:39:32 2012
ORACLE V10.2.0.1.0 - Production vsnsta=0
vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
CPU                 : 4 - type 586
Process Affinity    : 0x00000000
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:285M/1991M
Sun Oct 21 09:39:32 2012
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--MERGE   
--    Merge   
/*
MERGE INTO TABLE
USING TABLE|SUBQUERY
ON CONDITION
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET COL = EXPRESSION | DEFAULT
     WHERE_CLAUSE
     DELETE WHERE_CLAUSE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT(COL,COL2)
     VALUES(EXPR1,EXPR2,|DEFAULT)
     WHERE_CLAUSE
WHERE CONDITION;*/
DROP TABLE TAB1;
DROP TABLE TAB2;

CREATE TABLE TAB1(ID INT, NAME VARCHAR2(10),STATUS VARCHAR2(10));
CREATE TABLE TAB2(ID INT, NAME VARCHAR2(10));

INSERT INTO TAB1 VALUES(1,'ANKER','N');
INSERT INTO TAB1 VALUES(2,'MIN','U');
INSERT INTO TAB1 VALUES(3,'MING','D');
INSERT INTO TAB1 VALUES(4,'XIAO','U');
INSERT INTO TAB2 VALUES(2,'A');
INSERT INTO TAB2 VALUES(3,'MING');
INSERT INTO TAB2 VALUES(4,'B');
COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM TAB1;

       ID NAME       STATUS
--------- ---------- ----------
        1 ANKER      N
        2 MIN        U
        3 MING       D
        4 XIAO       U
SELECT * FROM TAB2;

        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         2 A
         3 MING
         4 B

MERGE INTO TAB2         
USING TAB1 ON (TAB2.ID = TAB1.ID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET NAME = TAB1.NAME 
  DELETE WHERE (TAB1.STATUS = 'D')
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT(ID,NAME) VALUES(TAB1.ID,TAB1.NAME)
  WHERE 1=1;
  
SELECT * FROM TAB2;--         

        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         2 A
         3 MING
         4 B

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--connect by       
DROP TABLE TT;

CREATE TABLE TT
(
ID INT,
PARENT_ID INT,
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
);

INSERT INTO TT VALUES(1,NULL,'CEO');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(2,1,'VP');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(3,1,'SVP');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(4,1,'CFO');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(5,2,'DIRECTOR 1');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(6,2,'DIRECTOR 2');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(7,3,'DIRECTOR 3');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(8,3,'DIRECTOR 4');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(9,6,'MANAGER 1');
COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM TT;

        ID  PARENT_ID NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         1            CEO
         2          1 VP
         3          1 SVP
         4          1 CFO
         5          2 DIRECTOR 1
         6          2 DIRECTOR 2
         7          3 DIRECTOR 3
         8          3 DIRECTOR 4
         9          6 MANAGER 1

SELECT * FROM TT START WITH ID = 2 CONNECT BY PRIOR ID = PARENT_ID;

        ID  PARENT_ID NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         2          1 VP
         5          2 DIRECTOR 1
         6          2 DIRECTOR 2
         9          6 MANAGER 1
         
--START WITH         
-- CONNECT BY               
--PIROR ID = PARENT_ID，       ，   (     ) ID      PARENT ID。



SELECT * FROM TT START WITH ID = 2 CONNECT BY ID = PRIOR PARENT_ID;
--        (     ) PARENT_ID      ID


        ID  PARENT_ID NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         2          1 VP
         1            CEO

--                

SELECT 
 LEVEL, --       
 LPAD(' ', 2 * LEVEL) || NAME, 
 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(NAME, '/'),--      
 CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF,--       ，        
 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(NAME)--       ROOT
  FROM TT
 START WITH ID = 2
CONNECT BY PRIOR ID = PARENT_ID
ORDER SIBLINGS BY ID DESC;--        ，     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--NATRUAL JOIN
CREATE TABLE TT (ID INT,CODE VARCHAR2(10));
CREATE TABLE TT1 (CODE VARCHAR2(10),NAME VARCHAR2(10));
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(1,'A');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(2,'B');
INSERT INTO TT VALUES(3,'C');
INSERT INTO TT1 VALUES('A','JSP');
INSERT INTO TT1 VALUES('B','JAVA');

SELECT * FROM TT;

       ID CODE
--------- ----------
        1 A
        2 B
        3 C
SELECT * FROM TT1;
CODE       NAME
---------- ----------
A          JSP
B          JAVA
D          ORACLE

SELECT TT.ID, CODE, TT1.NAME FROM TT NATURAL JOIN TT1;

        ID CODE       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         1 A          JSP
         2 B          JAVA

--NATRUAL JOIN                  。     ON  
--             ，       ，  ：

admin@ORCL> SELECT TT.ID, TT.CODE, TT1.NAME FROM TT NATURAL JOIN TT1;
SELECT TT.ID, TT.CODE, TT1.NAME FROM TT NATURAL JOIN TT1
              *
  1      :
ORA-25155: NATURAL              
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--USING   
--USING    INNER JOIN   OUTER JOIN  (  FULL OUTER JOIN)。
--      ，           
SELECT TT.ID, CODE, TT1.NAME FROM TT INNER JOIN TT1 USING (CODE);

        ID CODE       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         1 A          JSP
         2 B          JAVA
         
SELECT TT.ID, CODE, TT1.NAME FROM TT LEFT JOIN TT1 USING (CODE);

        ID CODE       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
         1 A          JSP
         2 B          JAVA
         3 C
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--ANY SOME ALL
SELECT CODE FROM TT;
        ID CODE
---------- ----------
         1 A
         2 B
         3 C

SELECT CODE FROM TT1;
CODE       NAME
---------- ----------
A          JSP
B          JAVA
D          ORACLE

--ANY   
SELECT * FROM TT WHERE CODE > ANY(SELECT CODE FROM TT1);
       ID CODE
--------- ----------
        3 C
        2 B
--       ，ANY        。          TT    TT1     CODE 。
--      SQL

SELECT * FROM TT WHERE CODE > (SELECT MIN(CODE) FROM TT1);


--  SOME，     ANY    。

SELECT * FROM TT WHERE CODE > SOME(SELECT CODE FROM TT1);

        ID CODE
---------- ----------
         3 C
         2 B
--   ALL
SELECT * FROM TT1 WHERE CODE > ALL (SELECT CODE FROM TT);

CODE       NAME
---------- ----------
D          ORACLE

--    TT1  ， TT     CODE     。   SQL    

SELECT * FROM TT1 WHERE CODE > (SELECT MAX(CODE) FROM TT);

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--WITH AS   
--WITH AS      SQL              ，     ，    SQL    。
--             SQL  
WITH TAB_TT AS
 (SELECT * FROM TT)
SELECT * FROM TAB_TT;
        ID CODE

---------- ----------         
1 		A         
2 		B        
3 		C
--listagg   
WITH TEMP AS(
  SELECT 500 POPULATION, 'CHINA' NATION ,'GUANGZHOU' CITY FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 1500 POPULATION, 'CHINA' NATION ,'SHANGHAI' CITY FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 500 POPULATION, 'CHINA' NATION ,'BEIJING' CITY FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 1000 POPULATION, 'USA' NATION ,'NEW YORK' CITY FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 500 POPULATION, 'USA' NATION ,'BOSTOM' CITY FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 500 POPULATION, 'JAPAN' NATION ,'TOKYO' CITY FROM DUAL
)
SELECT POPULATION,
      NATION,
      CITY,
      LISTAGG(CITY,',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY CITY DESC) OVER (PARTITION BY NATION) RANK
      FROM TEMP;
POPULATION NATIO CITY      RANK
---------- ----- --------- ------------------------------
      1500 CHINA SHANGHAI  SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOU,BEIJING
       500 CHINA GUANGZHOU SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOU,BEIJING
       500 CHINA BEIJING   SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOU,BEIJING
       500 JAPAN TOKYO     TOKYO
      1000 USA   NEW YORK  NEW YORK,BOSTOM
       500 USA   BOSTOM    NEW YORK,BOST