Django에서 Url Shortener API 빌드 - Redis

이 프로젝트에 대한 가상 환경 설정

pip install django
pip install redis

장고 프로젝트 설정

django-admin startproject urlshortener
cd urlshortener

python manage.py runserver

python manage.py startapp short

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'short',
]

You can think model as a table in django, in SQL we use tables to store the data, right, In the same way model is being used. Table schema can be created in model then it can be migrated to the database.

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

from django.db import models

class URL(models.Model):
    full_url = models.TextField()
    hash = models.TextField(unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'url_shortener'

python manage.py makemigrations short

 python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include("short.urls")),
]

from django.http import HttpResponse

def home(request):
    current_site = get_current_site(request)
    return HttpResponse("<h1>Url Shortener</h1>")

from django.urls import path
from short import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.home, name="Home"),
]

import string, random 
# hash length
N = 7
s = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
# generate a random string of length 7
url_id = ''.join(random.choices(s, k=N))

import string, random 
from short.models import URL

def shortit(long_url):
    # hash length
    N = 7
    s = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
    # generate a random string of length 7
    url_id = ''.join(random.choices(s, k=N))
    # check the hash id is in
    if not URL.objects.filter(hash=url_id).exists():
        # create a new entry for new one
        create = URL.objects.create(full_url=long_url, hash=url_id)
        return url_id
    else:
        # if hash id already exists create a new hash
        shortit(url)

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

@csrf_exempt
def short_url(request):
    long_url = request.POST.get("url")
    # get the unique id for long url
    hash = shortit(long_url)
    # get the host url
    current_site = get_current_site(request)
    data = {
        "success": True,
        "id": hash,
        "link": "http://{}/{}".format(current_site, hash),
        "long_url": long_url
    }
    return JsonResponse(data)

   path('shorten', views.short_url, name="ShortUrl"),

import redis
# host - running host
# port - the port in which its running
# db - by default 0 is the default db, you can change it
rds = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)

from django.shortcuts import redirect

def redirector(request,hash_id=None):
    # get the value from redis key, if value not in return None
    hash_code = rds.get(hash_id)
    if hash_code is not None:
        return redirect(hash_code.decode('ascii'))

    if URL.objects.filter(hash=hash_id).exists():
        url = URL.objects.get(hash=hash_id)
        # set the value in redis for faster access
        rds.set(hash_id,url.full_url)
        # redirect the page to the respective url
        return redirect(url.full_url)
    else:
        # if the give key not in redis and db
        return JsonResponse({"success":False})

    path('<str:hash_id>/', views.redirector, name="Redirector"),