[Django] 프로젝트 생성부터 CRUD 까지

(프로젝트 명은 myproject, 앱 명은 blog 사용하겠습니다!)

🎈 가상환경 생성 및 프로젝트 생성

가상환경 생성 및 켜기

• 가상환경 생성

python -m venv <가상환경_이름>

• 가상환경 켜기

source <가상환경_이름>/Scripts/activate

장고 설치 및 프로젝트 / 앱 설정

• 장고 설치

pip install django

• 프로젝트 생성

django-admin startproject myproject

• 앱 생성

cd <프로젝트명>
python manage.py startapp blog

• settings.py에 앱 등록

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'blog',
]

static / media 관련 설정

• static 설정

#settings.py

import os

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
  os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'blog', 'static')
]
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

• media 설정

#settings.py
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

#myproject/urls.py
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

if settings.DEBUG:
  urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root = settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

templates 관련 설정

• blog/templates/blog 폴더 생성

• settings.py에 templates 경로 설정

TEMPLATES = [
  'DIRS': [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'myproject', 'templates')
  ]
]

데이터베이스 초기화

python manage.py migrate

🎈 모델 생성 및 admin 등록

• 모델 생성

from django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  content = models.TextField()
  date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

• 마이그레이션 파일 생성

python manage.py makemigrations

• 마이그레이션 적용

python manage.py migrate

• admin 등록

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
  pass

🎈 Create

html form 사용

• templates/blog/home.html

<a href="{% url 'new' %}">새 글 작성하기 HTML form</a>

• templates/blog/new.html

<form action="{% url 'create' %}" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <label for="title">제목</label>
  <input type="text" name="title">
  <label for="content">본문</label>
  <textarea name="content" id="" cols="30" rows="10"></textarea>
  <input type="submit" value="제출">
</form>

• views.py

from .models import Post
from django.utils import timezone

def new(request):
  return render(request, 'blog/new.html')

def create(request):
  if request.method == 'POST':
    post = Post()
    post.title = request.POST['title']
    post.content = request.POST['content']
    post.date = timezone.now()
    post.save()
  return redirect('home')

• urls.py

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
 path('new/', views.new, name='new'),
 path('create/', views.create, name='create'),
]

Django Form 사용

• templates/blog/home.html

<a href="{% url 'form' %}">새 글 작성하기 django form</a>

• forms.py 생성하기

from django import forms

class PostForm(forms.Form):
  title = forms.CharField()
  content = forms.CharField(widget = forms.TextArea)

• views.py

from .forms import PostForm

def form(request):
  if request.method == 'POST':
    form = PostForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
      post = Post()
      post.title = form.cleaned_data['title']
      post.content = form.cleaned_data['content']
      post.save()
      return redirect('home')
  else:
    form = PostForm()
    return render(request, 'blog/form_create.html', {'form': form})

• form.html

<form action="" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  <table>
    {{form.as_table}}
  </table>
  <input type="submit" value="제출">
</form>

Django Model Form 사용

• templates/blog/home.html

<a href="{% url 'modelForm' %}">새 글 작성하기 django model form</a>

• urls.py

urlpatterns = [
  path('modelForm', views.modelForm, name='modelForm')
]

• forms.py 생성하기

from django import forms
from .models import Post

class PostModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
  class Meta:
    model = Post
    #fields = '__all__'
    fields = [title, content]

• views.py

from .forms import PostModelForm

def modelForm(request):
  if request.method == 'POST':
    form = PostModelForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
      form.save()
      return redirect('home')
    else:
      form = PostModelForm()
      return render(request, 'blog/form.html', {'form': form}
  

🎈 Read

detail page를 가져오는 부분

• urls.py

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
  path('detail/<int:post_id>', views.detail, name='detail'),
]

• views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post

def detail(request, post_id):
  post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=post_id)
  return render(request, 'detail.html', {'post': post}

• detail.html

<div>{{post.id}}</div>
<div>{{post.title}}</div>
<div>{{post.content}}</div>

🎈 Update

추가 예정

🎈 Delete

추가 예정