fastify를 사용하는 데모 API

소개

나는 배울 새로운 기술과 새로운 좋은 것들을 찾고 있었고 그것이 내가 fastify에 대해 알게 된 방법입니다.
언뜻 보기에는 Express와 상당히 유사한 프레임워크이지만, 더 나은benchmarks 기능도 있고 몇 가지 꽤 좋은 기능도 있으므로 사용해 보기로 하고 이 게시물을 작성하게 된 이유입니다.

이 게시물은 업데이트되었으며 코드는 이제 fastify 3.x에서 작동합니다.

이 게시물에 대한 모든 코드는 here 입니다.

시작하자

프로젝트 구조:

./migrations
./src
    /plugins
    /routes
        /api
            /persons
                /index.js
                /schemas.js
            /products
                /index.js
                /schemas.js
        /docs
            /index.js
    /services
        /persons.js
        /products.js
    /utils
        /functions.js
    /app.js
    /environment.js
    /start.js
./knexfile.js

./이전:
이 경우에는 knex 쿼리 빌더를 사용하고 있는데, 저에게는 꽤 괜찮고 마이그레이션 및 시드 작업이 쉽습니다. 제품(20200124230315_create_Person_table.js) 테이블에 대한 마이그레이션 파일이 하나만 있고 다음과 같습니다.

const up = knex => {
  return knex.schema.hasTable('Person').then(exists => {
    if (!exists) {
      return knex.schema.createTable('Person', table => {
        table.increments('id');
        table.string('name', 100).notNullable();
        table.string('lastName', 100).defaultTo(null);
        table.string('document', 15).notNullable();
        table.string('genre', 1).notNullable();
        table.integer('phone').unsigned().notNullable();
        table.timestamps(true, true);

        table.unique('document');
      });
    }
  });
};

const down = knex => {
  return knex.schema.dropTable('Person');
};

module.exports = {
  up,
  down
};

Note: For a quick start about the migrations or seeds, you can see this gist.

./src/플러그인:
fastify의 중요한 측면은 플러그인 개념입니다. 코드 기능을 캡슐화한 다음 fastify 앱 개체에서 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. knex 연결용 플러그인과 mongo 연결용 플러그인이 두 개 있습니다.

./src/plugins/knex-db-connector.js:

const fastifyPlugin = require('fastify-plugin');
const knex = require('knex');

const {
  DB_SQL_CLIENT,
  DB_SQL_HOST,
  DB_SQL_USER,
  DB_SQL_PASSWORD,
  DB_SQL_NAME,
  DB_SQL_PORT
} = require('../environment');

const knexConnector = async (server, options = {}) => {
  const db = knex({
    client: DB_SQL_CLIENT,
    connection: {
      host: DB_SQL_HOST,
      user: DB_SQL_USER,
      password: DB_SQL_PASSWORD,
      database: DB_SQL_NAME,
      port: DB_SQL_PORT,
      ...options.connection
    },
    ...options
  });
  server.decorate('knex', db);
};

// Wrapping a plugin function with fastify-plugin exposes the decorators,
// hooks, and middlewares declared inside the plugin to the parent scope.
module.exports = fastifyPlugin(knexConnector);

./src/plugins/mongo-db-connector.js:

const {
  DB_NOSQL_USER,
  DB_NOSQL_PASSWORD,
  DB_NOSQL_HOST,
  DB_NOSQL_NAME
} = require('../environment');

const MONGO_URL = `mongodb+srv://${DB_NOSQL_USER}:${DB_NOSQL_PASSWORD}@${DB_NOSQL_HOST}/${DB_NOSQL_NAME}?retryWrites=true&w=majority`;

const mongoConnector = app => {
  app.register(require('fastify-mongodb'), {
    // force to close the mongodb connection when app stopped
    // the default value is false
    forceClose: true,
    url: MONGO_URL
  });
};

module.exports = mongoConnector;

Note: In this case I'm using fastify-mongodb to help me with the connection. At this moment it's throwing a warning about some deprecated methods, that's a problem that will have a solution on comming updates from fastify-mongodb.

./src/경로:
Express에서와 마찬가지로 fastify의 경로에는 요청 개체 및 응답 개체(fastify에 대한 응답)가 있는 경로 처리기가 있지만 fastify에서 경로는 JSON Schema을 사용하여 유효성 검사 및 직렬화와 같은 다른 기능을 가질 수 있습니다.

./src/routes/api/index.js:

const oas = require('fastify-swagger');

const apiRoutes = async (app, options) => {
  app.register(oas, require('../docs'));
  app.register(require('./persons'), { prefix: 'persons' });
  app.register(require('./products'), { prefix: 'products' });
  app.get('/', async (request, reply) => {
    return { hello: 'world' };
  });
};

module.exports = apiRoutes;

Note: As you can see I have a GET route ‘/’ and it has a route handler, also I’m using as plugins the other routes for persons and products endpoints, I describe them below, and finally I’m using fastify-swagger, don’t worry I’m going to explain that.

./src/routes/api/persons/index.js:

const { PersonService } = require('../../../services/persons');
const { createSchema, getAllSchema, getOneSchema, updateSchema, deleteSchema } = require('./schemas');

const personRoutes = async (app, options) => {
  const personService = new PersonService(app);

  // create
  app.post('/', { schema: createSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { body } = request;

    const created = await personService.create({ person: body });

    return created;
  });

  // get all
  app.get('/', { schema: getAllSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    app.log.info('request.query', request.query);
    const persons = await personService.getAll({});
    return persons;
  });

  // get one
  app.get('/:personId', { schema: getOneSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { personId } } = request;

    app.log.info('personId', personId);

    const person = await personService.getOne({ id: personId });
    return person;
  });

  // update
  app.patch('/:personId', { schema: updateSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { personId } } = request;

    const { body } = request;

    app.log.info('personId', personId);
    app.log.info('body', body);

    const updated = await personService.update({ id: personId, person: body });

    return updated;
  });

  // delete
  app.delete('/:personId', { schema: deleteSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { personId } } = request;

    app.log.info('personId', personId);

    const deleted = await personService.delete({ id: personId });
    return deleted;
  });
};

module.exports = personRoutes;

Note: Here I have all the endpoints related to persons, I’m using the schema for each endpoint and also I’m using the PersonService, I'll explain that.

./src/routes/api/persons/schemas.js:

   const personProperties = {
  id: { type: 'number' },
  name: { type: 'string' },
  lastName: { type: 'string', nullable: true },
  document: { type: 'string' },
  genre: {
    type: 'string',
    enum: ['M', 'F']
  },
  phone: { type: 'number', maximum: 9999999999 },
  created_at: { type: 'string' },
  updated_at: { type: 'string' }
};

const tags = ['person'];

const paramsJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: {
    personId: { type: 'number' }
  },
  required: ['personId']
};

const queryStringJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: {
    filter: { type: 'string' }
  },
  required: ['filter']
};

const bodyCreateJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: personProperties,
  required: ['name', 'document', 'genre', 'phone']
};

const bodyUpdateJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: personProperties
};

const getAllSchema = {
  tags,
  querystring: queryStringJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'array',
      items: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: personProperties
      }
    }
  }
};

const getOneSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  querystring: queryStringJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: personProperties
    }
  }
};

const createSchema = {
  tags,
  body: bodyCreateJsonSchema,
  response: {
    201: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: personProperties
    }
  }
};

const updateSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  body: bodyUpdateJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: personProperties
    }
  }
};

const deleteSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: personProperties
    }
  }
};

module.exports = {
  getAllSchema,
  getOneSchema,
  createSchema,
  updateSchema,
  deleteSchema
};

Note: Here are all the schemas for each endpoint, using these schemas I can have some importans validations, for example, a body attribute can't be a string if was defined as number, the maximun length of a string attribute, etc.

./src/routes/api/products/index.js:

const { ProductService } = require('../../../services/products');
const {
  createSchema,
  getAllSchema,
  getOneSchema,
  updateSchema,
  deleteSchema
} = require('./schemas');

const productRoutes = async (app, options) => {
  const productService = new ProductService(app);

  // create
  app.post('/', { schema: createSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { body } = request;

    const insertedId = await productService.create({ product: body });
    app.log.info('insertedId', insertedId);
    return { _id: insertedId };
  });

  // get all
  app.get('/', { schema: getAllSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    app.log.info('request.query', request.query);
    const products = await productService.getAll({ filter: {} });
    return products;
  });

  // get one
  app.get('/:productId', { schema: getOneSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { productId } } = request;

    app.log.info('productId', productId);

    const product = await productService.getOne({ id: productId });

    return product;
  });

  // update
  app.patch('/:productId', { schema: updateSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { productId } } = request;

    const { body } = request;

    app.log.info('productId', productId);
    app.log.info('body', body);

    const updated = await productService.update({ id: productId, product: body });

    return updated;
  });

  // delete
  app.delete('/:productId', { schema: deleteSchema }, async (request, reply) => {
    const { params: { productId } } = request;

    app.log.info('productId', productId);

    const deleted = await productService.delete({ id: productId });

    return deleted;
  });
};

module.exports = productRoutes;

./src/routes/api/products/schemas.js:

const productProperties = {
  _id: { type: 'string' },
  name: { type: 'string' },
  description: { type: 'string' },
  image: { type: 'string', nullable: true },
  price: { type: 'number', maximum: 9999999999 }
};

const tags = ['product'];

const paramsJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: {
    productId: { type: 'string' }
  },
  required: ['productId']
};

const queryStringJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: {
    filter: { type: 'string' }
  },
  required: ['filter']
};

const bodyCreateJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: productProperties,
  required: ['name', 'description', 'price']
};

const bodyUpdateJsonSchema = {
  type: 'object',
  properties: productProperties
};

const getAllSchema = {
  tags,
  querystring: queryStringJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'array',
      items: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: productProperties
      }
    }
  }
};

const getOneSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  querystring: queryStringJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: productProperties
    }
  }
};

const createSchema = {
  tags,
  body: bodyCreateJsonSchema,
  response: {
    201: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: productProperties
    }
  }
};

const updateSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  body: bodyUpdateJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: productProperties
    }
  }
};

const deleteSchema = {
  tags,
  params: paramsJsonSchema,
  response: {
    200: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: productProperties
    }
  }
};

module.exports = {
  getAllSchema,
  getOneSchema,
  createSchema,
  updateSchema,
  deleteSchema
};

./src/routes/docs/index.js:

const { APP_PORT } = require('../../environment');

module.exports = {
  routePrefix: '/documentation',
  exposeRoute: true,
  swagger: {
    info: {
      title: 'fastify demo api',
      description: 'docs',
      version: '0.1.0'
    },
    externalDocs: {
      url: 'https://swagger.io',
      description: 'Find more info here'
    },
    servers: [
      { url: `http://localhost:${APP_PORT}`, description: 'local development' },
      { url: 'https://dev.your-site.com', description: 'development' },
      { url: 'https://sta.your-site.com', description: 'staging' },
      { url: 'https://pro.your-site.com', description: 'production' }
    ],
    schemes: ['http'],
    consumes: ['application/json'],
    produces: ['application/json'],
    tags: [
      { name: 'person', description: 'Person related end-points' },
      { name: 'product', description: 'Product related end-points' }
    ]
  }
};

Note: Is the turn to talk about fastify-swagger, It's a module that helps us creating the API documentation, using this “configuration file” and the schemas used before, for each endpoint.

./src/서비스:
이 폴더에는 끝점에서 필요한 모든 논리를 해결하기 위해 담당하는 "클래스"가 포함되어 있습니다.

./src/services/persons.js:

const { isEmptyObject } = require('../utils/functions');

class PersonService {
  /**
   * Creates an instance of PersonService.
   * @param {object} app fastify app
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  constructor (app) {
    if (!app.ready) throw new Error(`can't get .ready from fastify app.`);
    this.app = app;

    const { knex } = this.app;

    if (!knex) {
      throw new Error('cant get .knex from fastify app.');
    }
  }

  /**
   * function to create one
   *
   * @param { {person: object} } { person }
   * @returns {Promise<number>} created id
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  async create ({ person }) {
    const err = new Error();
    if (!person) {
      err.statusCode = 400;
      err.message = 'person is needed.';
      throw err;
    }

    const { knex } = this.app;

    const id = (await knex('Person').insert(person))[0];

    const createdPerson = await this.getOne({ id });

    return createdPerson;
  }

  /**
   * function to get all
   *
   * @param { filter: object } { filter = {} }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }>[]} array
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  async getAll ({ filter = {} }) {
    const { knex } = this.app;

    const persons = await knex.select('*').from('Person').where(filter);

    return persons;
  }

  /**
   * function to get one
   *
   * @param { { id: number } } { id }
   * @returns {Promise<{id: number}>} object
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  async getOne ({ id }) {
    const err = new Error();

    if (!id) {
      err.message = 'id is needed';
      err.statusCode = 400;
      throw err;
    }

    const { knex } = this.app;

    const data = await knex.select('*').from('Person').where({ id });

    if (!data.length) {
      err.statusCode = 412;
      err.message = `can't get the person ${id}.`;
      throw err;
    }

    const [person] = data;
    return person;
  }

  /**
   * function to update one
   *
   * @param { { id: number, person: object } } { id, person = {} }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }>} updated
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  async update ({ id, person = {} }) {
    const personBefore = await this.getOne({ id });

    if (isEmptyObject(person)) {
      return personBefore;
    }

    const { knex } = this.app;
    await knex('Person')
      .update(person)
      .where({ id: personBefore.id });

    const personAfter = await this.getOne({ id });

    return personAfter;
  }

  /**
   * function to delete one
   *
   * @param { { id: number } } { id }
   * @returns {Promise<object>} deleted
   * @memberof PersonService
   */
  async delete ({ id }) {
    const personBefore = await this.getOne({ id });

    const { knex } = this.app;
    await knex('Person').where({ id }).delete();

    delete personBefore.id;

    return personBefore;
  }
}

module.exports = {
  PersonService
};

Note: As you noticed, this is the service that I’m using in the person routes, by constructor I'm passing the fastify app and then, from the fastify app I get the knex connector to keep in touch with the database.

./src/services/products.js:

const { ObjectId } = require('mongodb');

class ProductService {
  /**
   * Creates an instance of ProductService.
   * @param {object} app fastify app
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  constructor (app) {
    if (!app.ready) throw new Error(`can't get .ready from fastify app.`);
    this.app = app;
    const { mongo } = this.app;

    if (!mongo) {
      throw new Error('cant get .mongo from fastify app.');
    }

    const db = mongo.db;
    const collection = db.collection('Product');
    this.collection = collection;
  }

  /**
   * function to create one
   *
   * @param {{ product: object }} { product }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }>} created
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  async create ({ product }) {
    const { insertedId } = (await this.collection.insertOne(product));

    const created = await this.getOne({ id: insertedId });

    return created;
  }

  /**
   * function to get all
   *
   * @param {{ filter: object }} { filter = {} }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }> []} array
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  async getAll ({ filter = {} }) {
    const products = await this.collection.find(filter).toArray();

    return products;
  }

  /**
   * function to get one
   *
   * @param {{ id: number }} { id }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }>}
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  async getOne ({ id }) {
    const err = new Error();

    if (!id) {
      err.statusCode = 400;
      err.message = 'id is needed.';
      throw err;
    }

    const product = await this.collection.findOne({ _id: ObjectId(id) });

    if (!product) {
      err.statusCode = 400;
      err.message = `can't get the product ${id}.`;
      throw err;
    }

    return product;
  }

  /**
   * function to update one
   *
   * @param {{ id: number, product: object }} { id, product }
   * @returns {Promise<{ id: number }>} updated
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  async update ({ id, product }) {
    await this.getOne({ id });

    const { upsertedId } = (await this.collection.updateOne(
      {
        _id: ObjectId(id)
      },
      {
        $set: product
      },
      {
        upsert: true
      }
    ));

    const after = await this.getOne({ upsertedId });

    return after;
  }

  /**
   * function to delete one
   *
   * @param {{ id: number }} { id }
   * @returns {Promise<object>} deleted
   * @memberof ProductService
   */
  async delete ({ id }) {
    const before = await this.getOne({ id });

    await this.collection.deleteOne({ _id: ObjectId(id) });

    delete before._id;

    return before;
  }
}

module.exports = {
  ProductService
};

Note: In the same way, as in the PersonService I’m passing the fastify app by the constructor and then I use it to get the mongo connector.

./src/environment.js:
이것은 컨텍스트(로컬, 개발, 스테이징, 프로덕션)에 따라 환경 변수를 처리하는 데 사용하는 파일이며 다음과 같습니다.

const dotenv = require('dotenv');
const path = require('path');

dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../.env') });

let envPath;

// validate the NODE_ENV
const NODE_ENV = process.env.NODE_ENV;
switch (NODE_ENV) {
case 'development':
  envPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../.env.development');
  break;
case 'staging':
  envPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../.env.staging');
  break;
case 'production':
  envPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../.env.production');
  break;
default:
  envPath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../.env.local');
  break;
};

dotenv.config({ path: envPath });

const enviroment = {
  /* GENERAL */
  NODE_ENV,
  TIME_ZONE: process.env.TIME_ZONE,
  APP_PORT: process.env.APP_PORT || 8080,
  /* DATABASE INFORMATION */
  DB_NOSQL_HOST: process.env.DB_NOSQL_HOST,
  DB_NOSQL_USER: process.env.DB_NOSQL_USER,
  DB_NOSQL_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_NOSQL_PASSWORD,
  DB_NOSQL_NAME: process.env.DB_NOSQL_NAME,
  DB_NOSQL_PORT: process.env.DB_NOSQL_PORT,
  DB_SQL_CLIENT: process.env.DB_SQL_CLIENT,
  DB_SQL_HOST: process.env.DB_SQL_HOST,
  DB_SQL_USER: process.env.DB_SQL_USER,
  DB_SQL_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_SQL_PASSWORD,
  DB_SQL_NAME: process.env.DB_SQL_NAME,
  DB_SQL_PORT: process.env.DB_SQL_PORT
};

module.exports = enviroment;

./src/app.js:
이제 우리는 이 API 데모에서 가장 중요한 파일에 있습니다. 이 파일에는 프로젝트의 구성/설정이 있습니다.

const Fastify = require('fastify');
const cors = require('cors');

// order to register / load
// 1. plugins (from the Fastify ecosystem)
// 2. your plugins (your custom plugins)
// 3. decorators
// 4. hooks and middlewares
// 5. your services

const build = async () => {
  const fastify = Fastify({
    bodyLimit: 1048576 * 2,
    logger: { prettyPrint: true }
  });

  // plugins
  await require('./plugins/mongo-db-connector')(fastify);

  await fastify.register(require('fastify-express'));
  await fastify.register(require('./plugins/knex-db-connector'), {});
  await fastify.register(require('./routes/api'), { prefix: 'api' });

  // hooks
  fastify.addHook('onClose', (instance, done) => {
    const { knex } = instance;
    knex.destroy(() => instance.log.info('knex pool destroyed.'));
  });

  // middlewares
  fastify.use(cors());

  return fastify;
};

// implement inversion of control to make the code testable
module.exports = {
  build
};

./src/start.js:
이것은 서버를 시작하는 데 사용하는 파일입니다.

 const { build } = require('./app');

const { APP_PORT } = require('./environment');

build()
  .then(app => {
    // run the server!
    app.listen(APP_PORT, (err, address) => {
      if (err) {
        app.log.error(err);
        process.exit(1);
      }

      app.log.info(`server listening on ${address}`);

      process.on('SIGINT', () => app.close());
      process.on('SIGTERM', () => app.close());
    });
  });

프로젝트가 콘솔에서 다음과 같이 표시됩니다.


이것이 swagger UI 문서의 모습입니다.

끝내자

그게 다야, 질문이나 피드백이 있으면 누군가가 새로운 것을 배우는 데 도움이 되기를 바랍니다. 읽어주셔서 감사합니다.
다른 사람들을 돕기 위해 더 많은 포스트 출판물을 만들고 싶습니다.