Linux 기본 사용법

12726 단어 자바
windows
__----------------
Desktop Os


Linux+VMware
-------------
Linux
   Os
  
  

VMware
-----------------

Oracle vbox
------------------


Host
----------------


Linux | mac
——————————————————
Client 

  VMware
------------------

     
-------------


window:    
——-----——————
    
c:/
d:/
e:/

linux    
———————————————————
/bin			//         
/sbin			//       
/dev			//device,    ,  ,  ,  
/etc			//       
/lib			//   ,      (so---shared object,   dll  )
/home			//    /home/ubuntu	/home/ubuntu......
/meida
/mnt
/opt			//root      
/root
/usr			//user
/usr/bin		//     
/usr/sbin		//     

/usr/local		//
/usr/local/bin		//
/usr/local/sbin		//

Linux
--------------
1.redhat
2.centOs
3.ubuntu
4.Suse
5....

     Unix
      bin sbin 
       userbin 
       ,    


Linux    
----------------
windows				linux
					
cd 				cd 		//    
				pwd		//       		
				clear		//  
				whoami		//       
				sudo passwd	//    
ipconfig			ifconfig	//  Ip
				su root 	//    
				mkdir
				rm
				cp
				mv
				cat
				touch
				chow

ping www.baidu.com   		ping www.baidu.com 	//ping  
tree 				find . | grep 		//ping  

del	   			rm -fR xxx  		//        (  )
rmdir	   				

echo				touch hello.txt 	//     
 				echo helloworld > hello.txt  //    (    )
				echo helloworld >> hello.txt //(    )
				cat hello.txt 			//        
				type hello.txt			//			

				C  window   linux
				cat hello.txt			//        
					
copy a.txt ../b.txt		cp hello.txt b/c/d		//    
				cp hello.txt b/c/d/1.txt	//     。    
				cp -R xxx ../
				
				echo
				nano   Ctrl+0 ctrl+x
				cat
				deirect :>> >			//   
				more				
				head -n	hello.txt 			//      N   
				tail -n hello.txt			//      N   
				which hostname				//      

				sudo reboot 	//  
				uname -a    	//         ,-all     
				file xxx.so 	//      
s				     so  lib ,     -      (       )
				        lib     so   ,        
				
				tar             //     
				tar -xvzf  mytar.tar.gz	//  (  )
				tar -tf mytar.tar 	//      
				tar -rf mytar.tar.xxx 	//-r     
				
				mount 			//    
				  “”
				umount /dev/cdrom
					ls
					
					


				gzip -l mytar.tar		//    ,     
				gzip -9 mytar.tar		//    ,    
				gzip -9 mytar.tar		//    ,    
				gzip -d mytar.tar.gz		//    ,    
				gunzip	mytar.tar.gz		//          == gzip -d xxx.gz
				sudo shutdown -p now  		//  	-p:    -r:reboot
				sudo halp -p 		

				sudo mount			//    
				sudo umount			//    
				ln -s /exist_file link_name
				jobs
				kill %n
				ps -Af
				cut -c num1-num2 
				cmd --help	
				man cmd
				help 
				info cmd 
				
				fdisk
				fdisk -l				//     
				fdisk /dev/sda				//      
				...
				df  		         disk free
				df -ah 
				dd diskdump
				dd		
				
				dirname 			//        
				
				basename			         (       )
				echo $(hostname)		
				echo $($cat 1.txt) 	 //1.txt    hostname,    ,    
				cd —p mylink		//      ,      
				 				
war		//web
ear		//enterprise
jar		//java archive file
tar 		//    
tar  -f -
-c //  
-f //    
-v //    verbose
-x //extract        ,  
-z //  gzip    


-----------------------
ls 
-h      
-a       (.xxx)
-l:    

--------------------
find 
-------------------
find /usr/local
find .|xargs grep -ri "IBM"		//  ibm 
find .|xargs grep -ri "IBM" -l		//     
find /cmd ".sh" -prin | ...		//    sh  

ls | grep pig |cp 'xargs' ~/Download 	

xargs   				//                     
find . | grep txt | c[ 'xargs'		//''         






     /etc   
ls | grep host
ll     
source hostname      

nano    
----------------------------------

1.nano hello.txt
2.ctrl + o			//  
3.ctrl + x			//  
4.ctrl + k			//    
5 ctrl + U			//    



Linux    
-----------
1.   (hard link)
         ,  2      ,      ,      。      

2.    (symbolic link)
       ,           
       ,    (     ,  )

3.      
ln hello.txt. hello.txt.ln 		//   

4.grep        
ls -al | grep "\->"			//  

jobs
-------------------
      


      
----------------
ps  		//process show 
ps -Af 		//-A:     -f


  job
----------------
kill %1

cut
----------------------------
         
           
cat -c num1-num2
cut -c 1-		//  1           
cut -c -5		//     5     
cut -c 3-5		//  3-5       

      
——————————+
	echo $path
	echo ${PATH}
	echo "PATH"
     ,     
export mypath = /home/ubuntu			//      ,         
export mypath =${path:-}			//      ,         
export yourpath =		//    path				
exprot $yourpath
exprot $yourpath=${PATH:-$PATH:-$mypath}
export $yourpath=${PATH:-$PATH1:-$mypath}	//        ,       

path    ,windows  “;”   ,linux  “:”  

export mypath=${path}:/home/ubuntu
echo $mypath


$env other //    
${env} 	   //{}  
“$env”   //""  
export env = ${env:-$env:-$envn2} //  env,  env2      
echo 'pwd' 	//     
if["$1"="--conf"] //     
if[$#-lt 1]
if[$#-gt 1]
if[-e xxx] //    
if[-d]  	//wrong ,    
if[-d xxx]	//right

  linux       
---------------------
help export
if commands ,then commands ;
[else if commands ;then commands ;]  ....[else commands;] fi
     
help if
hellp export
help while 
help for

  if
["$1" = "--conf"] //     
---------------------------------

linux         
1.$?
           ,0:    !0=  

2.$#
      
rm -r bin     //$# = 2 

3.$n
       
$0    //    
$1	//     ,rm -r bin $1=-r
..

4$@
      
rm -r bin  //$@=-r bin

5.shift 
    

$?		//          
$#		//    	
$1		//     
$O		//      
$@		//      
shift		//    
${a/b/c}	//

    
-----------------
1.a  &&  b
a     ,   b  

2.a || b
a   ,   b  

3.a ; b 
a   ,   b,           

4.(a ; b )
//    ,        ,     

ls -al ; cd /usr/ ; pwd

(ls -al;cd ~; pwd)

NetCat
--------------------
1.    
2.TCP/IP
transfer control protocal ,internet protocal
Socket
ServerSocket			//server,listener,port
Socket				//connection,port


3.  nc     
nc -l 8888		//       ServerSocket  ,
			&       
nc localhost 8888	//     ,        8888

4.  nc    
    
    
nc -l 1234 > readme.txt		//    ,          
   
nc localhost 1234 < readme.txt	//   ,     
    
nc ip -z port-portn	//         ip     
nc -v -w 2 s1-z 2000 - 4000
-v	    
-w	    
-z	    

         
--------------------
1.           

nc -l 888 &   //

2.            ,     (job) 
ctrl + z
joba			//           ,   jobid
3.   job  ,      
bg %1
4.            
fg %1

d:directory	  
-:file		  
b:block		
l:link		
r:read  
w:write 
x:execute  
  
owner		//  
group		// 
other		//   
d  rwx  r-x  r-x .... hello.txt

    
-----------------
1.read
  :      
2.write 
  :      
3.  
  :     
      

  linux       
------------------
help export
help if
help while
help for
  if
["$1"="--conf"] //     

Ubuntu      
-----------------
if[$#-lt 1]
if[$#-gt 1]
if[-e xxx]

if[-d]			//wrong      
if[-d xxx]		//right

$?			//          ,           ,0:  		!0:  
$#			//    		rm -r bin	//$# = 2
$n			//       。 $0 //    	
$1	//     ,rm -r bin $1=-r
$0
      
rm -r bin	//$@=-r bin 
$1			//     
$O			//      
$@			//      
shift			//    
      ,         
${a/b/c}		//


$env other	//    
${env}		//{}  
"$env"		//""  
export env=${env:-$evn2}	//     
echo '${env}'			//    
echo 'pwd'			//     
if["$1"="--conf"]		//     


     
-------------------
1.    
d:  
-:  
b:block
l:link
2.  
Owner(user)	//  
group		// ,linux      ,        ,          primary group ,       secondary group 
other		//   
all		//owner+group+other
3.    
r:read			//rwx
			111=7
w:write			
x:exeute			

      
————————————
chmod ugo+-=rwx hello.txt	// 
chmod a+rwx hello.txt		//
chomd 777 hello.txt		//
chomd 755 hello.txt		//

    
---------------
1.useradd
          ,   adduser     
2.adduser
  adduser    		
adduser --home /home/ubuntu2 ubuntu2  --gid 1000 ubuntu2	//ubuntu 1000

3.Ubuntu  Ip  
(1)    
VMware   ————>    -->       -->    -->  vmnet8    -->
nat  -->    (192.168.238.2)
(2)     ip  
VMware   ————>    -->       -->    -->  vmnet8    -->
DHCP  -->    

Ubuntu      
-----------
Ubuntu     
apt:advanced package tookit	,       
sudo apt-get install xxx	//       
sudo apt-cache search xxx	//
sudo apt-get remove xxx		//  
sudo apt-get purge xxx		//         
sudo apt-get update		//  
sudo apt-get upgrade		//  
sudo dpkg -l | grep xxx		//



  163   
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
ctrl+o--   -- ctrl+x--   
 
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

       
--------------
1.  iso  
2.  iso   /mnt/ 
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
3.  /etc/apt/sources.list  
[/etc/apt/sources.list]
deb file:/mnt/cdrom ./
4.        
apt-get update 
apt-get upgrade
5    
sudo apt-cache search ubuntu-desktop
6.    
sudo apt-cache-install ubuntu-desktop
7.    
sudo apt-get remove ubuntu-desktop

Ubuntu  VM    
——————————————————
      
 host     
        
   
     
1.VMWare-->    VMware tool
2。        
3。  vmware-tool-xxxx.tar.gz   
4。  vmware-tool-xxxx.tar.gz     
5。    
6。  ~/Desktop/vmware-tool-distrib
7。  python  
sudo ./vmware-tool.pl
8。    
9。Enjoy...   

  :
VMwareTools-9.9.3-2759765.tar.gz


        
---------------
1.     、

2.        
   -->     -->   -->        (1366x768)
3  ok
4.     
  window linux     

            
-----------------
1.        
   -->     -->  -->     
2,      /mnt/hgfs        

            
--------------------
1.        
   -->     -->  -->     
2.     

             

dpkg
-----------
dpkg-query --help
dpkg-query --list | grep gedit
sudo dpkg --remove gedit
1.    .deb   
dpkg -i gedit_4-xx.deb
2.  which        
which gedit
3.     
sudo dpkg --remove gedit

dpkg-query
---------------
1.           
sudo dpkg-query --list | grep gedit
2.  which        
which gedit
3.     
sudo dpkg --remove gedit

     

----------------
       
-----------
sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev
mkdir ~/software
cp -R -v /var/cache/apt/archives/* ~/software
sudo dpkg-scanpackages ~/software /dev/null
|gzip>~/software/Packages.gz

    software    host  
  ubuntu   
 host  software        
  /etc/apt/source.list  
deb file:/home/ubuntu/software./
sudo  apt-get update 
sudo apt-get upgrade 
sudo apt-get install xxx //          
  :
	                   ,     
 sources.list            

Ubuntu ISO    
————————————————
1.  mkisofs
sudo apt-get install mkisofs
2.  mkisofs  iso  
//-r     -o    
sudo mkisofs -r -o xxx.so /targ


Ubuntu      iso      
——————————————————————
1.     iso  
	a.   ->    ->  iso  
	b.  	
2.  CDROM /mnt   
	sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
	sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
	cd /mnt/cdrom

Ubuntu      Mac         

Ubuntu      
-------------
1.  
        
            ,   IP,     ,
      ,     ,      
2.NAT
 Host     , Host NAT DNS,      ,
             ,     ,Host    
      。
net address transform       	
3.Only-host
   NAT,      ,       。
         

        IP
--------------
1.  NAT   
       -->NAT-->NAT  -->    (192.168.119.2)
2.    
       -->NAT-->NAT  -->    (192.168.119.128)-->(192.168.119.254)
3.    ip
192.168.119.130
4.  ubuntu       
/etc/network/interface
5.      
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
6.  ping      



  
-----——————————————————————————————————
0.    
help for
	1.   
		for NAME [in WORDS ... ]; do COMMANDS; done 
		[  ]
		for a in 1 2 3 4 ; do each $a ; done
		      
		      
		while 
		for a in 1 2 3 4 ; do rm ${a}.txt ; done 
		ls 
	2.   
		[  ]for ((exp1;exp2;exp3)); do COMMANDS;done 
		[  ]for ((a = 1 ;a <= 11))


      ,      
    ,    

  for    10  
————————————————————————
a = 10 
for 

1.  

	while  
	---------------
	1.  
	((EXP1))
	while((EXP2));do
		COMMANDS
	     ((EXP3))
	 done

  
1.      
2.



  1-->10  10   
---------------

#!/bin/bash
(( a=1 ))
while (( a <= 10 )) ; do
 echo $a
 ((a = a + 1 ))
 done 

  fro        
---------------------
#!/bin/bash
((count = $# ))
((a=1))
while ((a<=count)) ; do
echo $1 ;
shift;
((a=a+1))
done 

if   
     


     

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