웹 드라이버
웹 드라이버 프로토콜
무엇이 협의입니까?프로토콜은 클라이언트와 서버가 규정한 통신 방식이다.
웹 드라이버 프로토콜은 클라이언트가 서버의 어떤 루트 (사실은command를 통해 정의된 인터페이스 주소) 인터페이스에 어떤 데이터 형식과 응답하는 데이터를 보내야 하는지를 규정합니다.
프로토콜은 추상적인 유형으로 어떤 조작과 어떤 데이터 형식이 있는지만 규정하고 구체적인 실현은 없다. 구체적인 실현은 서로 다른 서버에서 이루어진다. 예를 들어 브라우저 드라이브, appium 서버와 같은 조작은 서로 다른 서버에 호출된 인터페이스와 전달된 파라미터가 같기 때문이다. 왜냐하면 이것은 프로토콜에 규정된 것이기 때문이다.그러나 구체적인 실현은 서버의 특정한 기능에 의해 결정된다. 브라우저 구동은 브라우저를 조작하는 데 사용되고 appium은 휴대전화 장치를 조작하는 데 사용되며 구체적인 실현은 분명히 다르다.
appium
appium은 selenium을 확장했습니다. 이것은 selenium의 모든 인터페이스를 사용할 수 있습니다. appium 서버도 그 기능을 구체적으로 실현했기 때문에 호환적으로 사용할 수 있습니다. (서버 인터페이스와 수신의 매개 변수는 프로토콜에 의해 규정됩니다.)
selenium/appium 서버에 요청을 보내는 방법
이 모든 것은 selenium 웹 드라이버 클래스의execute에서 실행됩니다.
def execute(self, driver_command, params=None):
"""
Sends a command to be executed by a command.CommandExecutor.
:Args:
- driver_command: The name of the command to execute as a string.
- params: A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command.
:Returns:
The command's JSON response loaded into a dictionary object.
"""
if self.session_id is not None:
if not params:
params = {'sessionId': self.session_id}
elif 'sessionId' not in params:
params['sessionId'] = self.session_id
params = self._wrap_value(params)
response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
if response:
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
response['value'] = self._unwrap_value(
response.get('value', None))
return response
# If the server doesn't send a response, assume the command was
# a success
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': self.session_id}그중에서command_가 호출되었습니다executor.실행 방법
def execute(self, command, params):
"""
Send a command to the remote server.
Any path subtitutions required for the URL mapped to the command should be
included in the command parameters.
:Args:
- command - A string specifying the command to execute.
- params - A dictionary of named parameters to send with the command as
its JSON payload.
"""
command_info = self._commands[command]
assert command_info is not None, 'Unrecognised command %s' % command
path = string.Template(command_info[1]).substitute(params)
if hasattr(self, 'w3c') and self.w3c and isinstance(params, dict) and 'sessionId' in params:
del params['sessionId']
data = utils.dump_json(params)
url = '%s%s' % (self._url, path)
return self._request(command_info[0], url, body=data) def _request(self, method, url, body=None):
"""
Send an HTTP request to the remote server.
:Args:
- method - A string for the HTTP method to send the request with.
- url - A string for the URL to send the request to.
- body - A string for request body. Ignored unless method is POST or PUT.
:Returns:
A dictionary with the server's parsed JSON response.
"""
LOGGER.debug('%s %s %s' % (method, url, body))
parsed_url = parse.urlparse(url)
headers = self.get_remote_connection_headers(parsed_url, self.keep_alive)
resp = None
if body and method != 'POST' and method != 'PUT':
body = None
if self.keep_alive:
resp = self._conn.request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
statuscode = resp.status
else:
http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=self._timeout)
resp = http.request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
statuscode = resp.status
if not hasattr(resp, 'getheader'):
if hasattr(resp.headers, 'getheader'):
resp.getheader = lambda x: resp.headers.getheader(x)
elif hasattr(resp.headers, 'get'):
resp.getheader = lambda x: resp.headers.get(x)
data = resp.data.decode('UTF-8')
try:
if 300 <= statuscode < 304:
return self._request('GET', resp.getheader('location'))
if 399 < statuscode <= 500:
return {'status': statuscode, 'value': data}
content_type = []
if resp.getheader('Content-Type') is not None:
content_type = resp.getheader('Content-Type').split(';')
if not any([x.startswith('image/png') for x in content_type]):
try:
data = utils.load_json(data.strip())
except ValueError:
if 199 < statuscode < 300:
status = ErrorCode.SUCCESS
else:
status = ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR
return {'status': status, 'value': data.strip()}
# Some of the drivers incorrectly return a response
# with no 'value' field when they should return null.
if 'value' not in data:
data['value'] = None
return data
else:
data = {'status': 0, 'value': data}
return data
finally:
LOGGER.debug("Finished Request")
resp.close()최종 발송 요청은_request 이 방법.
selenium 웹 드라이버의execute에서 마지막으로_unwrap_value는 다음 응답을 포장하여response['value']에 놓았습니다.
서버 루트 인터페이스의 정의를 보십시오
self._commands = {
Command.STATUS: ('GET', '/status'),
Command.NEW_SESSION: ('POST', '/session'),
Command.GET_ALL_SESSIONS: ('GET', '/sessions'),
Command.QUIT: ('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId'),
Command.GET_CURRENT_WINDOW_HANDLE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window_handle'),
Command.W3C_GET_CURRENT_WINDOW_HANDLE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window'),
Command.GET_WINDOW_HANDLES:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window_handles'),
Command.W3C_GET_WINDOW_HANDLES:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window/handles'),
Command.GET: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/url'),
Command.GO_FORWARD: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/forward'),
Command.GO_BACK: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/back'),
Command.REFRESH: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/refresh'),
Command.EXECUTE_SCRIPT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/execute'),
Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/execute/sync'),
Command.W3C_EXECUTE_SCRIPT_ASYNC:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/execute/async'),
Command.GET_CURRENT_URL: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/url'),
Command.GET_TITLE: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/title'),
Command.GET_PAGE_SOURCE: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/source'),
Command.SCREENSHOT: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/screenshot'),
Command.ELEMENT_SCREENSHOT: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/screenshot'),
Command.FIND_ELEMENT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element'),
Command.FIND_ELEMENTS: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/elements'),
Command.W3C_GET_ACTIVE_ELEMENT: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/active'),
Command.GET_ACTIVE_ELEMENT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/active'),
Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/element'),
Command.FIND_CHILD_ELEMENTS:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/elements'),
Command.CLICK_ELEMENT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/click'),
Command.CLEAR_ELEMENT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/clear'),
Command.SUBMIT_ELEMENT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/submit'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_TEXT: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/text'),
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ELEMENT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/value'),
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/keys'),
Command.UPLOAD_FILE: ('POST', "/session/$sessionId/file"),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_VALUE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/value'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_TAG_NAME:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/name'),
Command.IS_ELEMENT_SELECTED:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/selected'),
Command.SET_ELEMENT_SELECTED:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/selected'),
Command.IS_ELEMENT_ENABLED:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/enabled'),
Command.IS_ELEMENT_DISPLAYED:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/displayed'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_LOCATION:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/location'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_LOCATION_ONCE_SCROLLED_INTO_VIEW:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/location_in_view'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_SIZE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/size'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_RECT:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/rect'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_ATTRIBUTE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/attribute/$name'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_PROPERTY:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/property/$name'),
Command.GET_ALL_COOKIES: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/cookie'),
Command.ADD_COOKIE: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/cookie'),
Command.GET_COOKIE: ('GET', '/session/$sessionId/cookie/$name'),
Command.DELETE_ALL_COOKIES:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/cookie'),
Command.DELETE_COOKIE:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/cookie/$name'),
Command.SWITCH_TO_FRAME: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/frame'),
Command.SWITCH_TO_PARENT_FRAME: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/frame/parent'),
Command.SWITCH_TO_WINDOW: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window'),
Command.CLOSE: ('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/window'),
Command.GET_ELEMENT_VALUE_OF_CSS_PROPERTY:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/css/$propertyName'),
Command.IMPLICIT_WAIT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/timeouts/implicit_wait'),
Command.EXECUTE_ASYNC_SCRIPT: ('POST', '/session/$sessionId/execute_async'),
Command.SET_SCRIPT_TIMEOUT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/timeouts/async_script'),
Command.SET_TIMEOUTS:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/timeouts'),
Command.DISMISS_ALERT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/dismiss_alert'),
Command.W3C_DISMISS_ALERT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/alert/dismiss'),
Command.ACCEPT_ALERT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/accept_alert'),
Command.W3C_ACCEPT_ALERT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/alert/accept'),
Command.SET_ALERT_VALUE:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/alert_text'),
Command.W3C_SET_ALERT_VALUE:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/alert/text'),
Command.GET_ALERT_TEXT:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/alert_text'),
Command.W3C_GET_ALERT_TEXT:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/alert/text'),
Command.SET_ALERT_CREDENTIALS:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/alert/credentials'),
Command.CLICK:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/click'),
Command.W3C_ACTIONS:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/actions'),
Command.W3C_CLEAR_ACTIONS:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/actions'),
Command.DOUBLE_CLICK:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/doubleclick'),
Command.MOUSE_DOWN:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/buttondown'),
Command.MOUSE_UP:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/buttonup'),
Command.MOVE_TO:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/moveto'),
Command.GET_WINDOW_SIZE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window/$windowHandle/size'),
Command.SET_WINDOW_SIZE:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/$windowHandle/size'),
Command.GET_WINDOW_POSITION:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window/$windowHandle/position'),
Command.SET_WINDOW_POSITION:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/$windowHandle/position'),
Command.SET_WINDOW_RECT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/rect'),
Command.GET_WINDOW_RECT:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/window/rect'),
Command.MAXIMIZE_WINDOW:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/$windowHandle/maximize'),
Command.W3C_MAXIMIZE_WINDOW:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/maximize'),
Command.SET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/orientation'),
Command.GET_SCREEN_ORIENTATION:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/orientation'),
Command.SINGLE_TAP:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/click'),
Command.TOUCH_DOWN:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/down'),
Command.TOUCH_UP:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/up'),
Command.TOUCH_MOVE:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/move'),
Command.TOUCH_SCROLL:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/scroll'),
Command.DOUBLE_TAP:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/doubleclick'),
Command.LONG_PRESS:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/longclick'),
Command.FLICK:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/flick'),
Command.EXECUTE_SQL:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/execute_sql'),
Command.GET_LOCATION:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/location'),
Command.SET_LOCATION:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/location'),
Command.GET_APP_CACHE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/application_cache'),
Command.GET_APP_CACHE_STATUS:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/application_cache/status'),
Command.CLEAR_APP_CACHE:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/application_cache/clear'),
Command.GET_NETWORK_CONNECTION:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/network_connection'),
Command.SET_NETWORK_CONNECTION:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/network_connection'),
Command.GET_LOCAL_STORAGE_ITEM:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage/key/$key'),
Command.REMOVE_LOCAL_STORAGE_ITEM:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage/key/$key'),
Command.GET_LOCAL_STORAGE_KEYS:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage'),
Command.SET_LOCAL_STORAGE_ITEM:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage'),
Command.CLEAR_LOCAL_STORAGE:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage'),
Command.GET_LOCAL_STORAGE_SIZE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/local_storage/size'),
Command.GET_SESSION_STORAGE_ITEM:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage/key/$key'),
Command.REMOVE_SESSION_STORAGE_ITEM:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage/key/$key'),
Command.GET_SESSION_STORAGE_KEYS:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage'),
Command.SET_SESSION_STORAGE_ITEM:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage'),
Command.CLEAR_SESSION_STORAGE:
('DELETE', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage'),
Command.GET_SESSION_STORAGE_SIZE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/session_storage/size'),
Command.GET_LOG:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/log'),
Command.GET_AVAILABLE_LOG_TYPES:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/log/types'),
Command.CURRENT_CONTEXT_HANDLE:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/context'),
Command.CONTEXT_HANDLES:
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/contexts'),
Command.SWITCH_TO_CONTEXT:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/context'),
Command.FULLSCREEN_WINDOW:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/fullscreen'),
Command.MINIMIZE_WINDOW:
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/window/minimize')
}위에 있는command는selenium의,appium 그리고 자신이 추가한command일 뿐입니다
appium의 웹 드라이버 클래스에서_addCommands 이 방법, 이 방법은 모든 부류를 두루 훑어볼 수 있습니다. 부류만 있다면_addCommands 방법은 한 번 실행하기 때문에 appium 초기화 후의command가 더 많고 인터페이스도 더 많습니다. 이것은selenium을 확장한 것입니다.
def _addCommands(self):
# call the overridden command binders from all mixin classes
for mixin_class in filter(lambda x: x is not self.__class__, self.__class__.__mro__):
if hasattr(mixin_class, self._addCommands.__name__):
getattr(mixin_class, self._addCommands.__name__, None)(self)
self.command_executor._commands[Command.TOUCH_ACTION] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/perform')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.MULTI_ACTION] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/touch/multi/perform')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.GET_CURRENT_PACKAGE] = \
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/appium/device/current_package')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.SET_IMMEDIATE_VALUE] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/element/$id/value')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.LAUNCH_APP] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/app/launch')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.CLOSE_APP] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/app/close')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.END_TEST_COVERAGE] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/app/end_test_coverage')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.RESET] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/app/reset')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.OPEN_NOTIFICATIONS] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/device/open_notifications')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.REPLACE_KEYS] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/element/$id/replace_value')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.GET_SETTINGS] = \
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/appium/settings')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.UPDATE_SETTINGS] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/appium/settings')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.LOCATION_IN_VIEW] = \
('GET', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/location_in_view')
self.command_executor._commands[Command.CLEAR] = \
('POST', '/session/$sessionId/element/$id/clear')소절
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