oracle 성능 보기

        SQL  :( Ratio  2        ,          )
select rn.name, rs.GETS, rs.WAITS, (rs.WAITS / rs.GETS) * 100 ratio
from v$rollstat rs, v$rollname rn
where rs.USN = rn.usn
 
         SQL  :(immediate_contention wait_contention    1     )
select name,
(t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES /
decode((t.IMMEDIATE_GETS + t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES),
0,
-1,
(t.IMMEDIATE_GETS + t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES))) * 100 immediate_contention,
(t.MISSES / decode((t.GETS + t.MISSES), 0, -1, (t.GETS + t.MISSES))) * 100 wait_contention
from v$latch t
where name in ('redo copy', 'redo allocation')
       :(                        ,      ,        ,       )
select t.tablespace_name,
sum(t.bytes),
max(t.bytes),
count(*),
max(t.bytes) / sum(t.bytes) radio
from dba_free_space t
group by t.tablespace_name
order by t.tablespace_name
          :
select t.NAME, t.VALUE from v$sysstat t where t.NAME like 'sort%'
    SGA :
select * from v$sga
          :(       70%,     init.ora    DB_BLOCK_BUFFER  )
select 1 - sum(decode(name, 'physical reads', value, 0)) /
(sum(decode(name, 'db block gets', value, 0)) +
sum(decode(name, 'consistent gets', value, 0))) hit_ratio
from v$sysstat t
where name in ('physical reads', 'db block gets', 'consistent gets')
          :(  ratio1  1 ,       ,  ratio2  10% ,       SHARED_POOL_SIZE)
select sum(pins) pins,
sum(reloads) reloads,
(sum(reloads) / sum(pins)) * 100 ratio1
from v$librarycache
select sum(gets) gets,
sum(getmisses) getmisses,
(sum(getmisses) / sum(gets)) * 100 ratio2
from v$rowcache
  INIT.ORA  :
select * from v$parameter
/////
Oracle      ( )
0、       
col PROPERTY_NAME format a25
col PROPERTY_VALUE format a30
col DESCRIPTION format a100
select * from database_properties;
select * from v$version;
1、      SID,SERIAL#
SELECT Sid, Serial# FROM V$session
WHERE Audsid = Sys_Context('USERENV', 'SESSIONID');
2、  session OS  ID
SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", b.NAME "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#,s.Osuser, s.Machine
FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$bgprocess b
WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr
AND p.Addr = b.Paddr And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)
UNION ALL
SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", s.Username "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid,s.Serial#, s.Osuser, s.Machine
FROM V$process p, V$session s
WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr
And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)
AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;
3、  sid           sql 
SELECT /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ Command_Type, Sql_Text, Sharable_Mem, Persistent_Mem, Runtime_Mem, Sorts,
Version_Count, Loaded_Versions, Open_Versions, Users_Opening, Executions,
Users_Executing, Loads, First_Load_Time, Invalidations, Parse_Calls,
Disk_Reads, Buffer_Gets, Rows_Processed, SYSDATE Start_Time,
SYSDATE Finish_Time, '>' || Address Sql_Address, 'N' Status
FROM V$sqlarea WHERE Address = (SELECT Sql_Address
FROM V$session WHERE Sid = &sid );
4、  object       
SELECT p.Spid, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num, s.Username User_Name,
a.TYPE Object_Type, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, a.Owner,
a.OBJECT Object_Name,
Decode(Sign(48 - Command), 1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,
p.Program Oracle_Process, s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program,
s.Status Session_Status
FROM V$session s, V$access a, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND s.TYPE = 'USER'
AND a.Sid = s.Sid
AND a.OBJECT = '&obj'
ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser
5、         
SELECT s.Osuser Os_User_Name,Decode(Sign(48 - Command),1,To_Char(Command),
'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,
p.Program Oracle_Process, Status Session_Status, s.Terminal Terminal,
s.Program Program, s.Username User_Name,
s.Fixed_Table_Sequence Activity_Meter, '' Query, 0 Memory,
0 Max_Memory, 0 Cpu_Usage, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num
FROM V$session s, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND s.TYPE = 'USER'
ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser
6、  v.sid              
SELECT n.NAME, v.VALUE, n.CLASS, n.Statistic# FROM V$statname n, V$sesstat v
WHERE v.Sid = &sid
AND v.Statistic# = n.Statistic#
ORDER BY n.CLASS, n.Statistic#
7、        (top session)
SELECT s.Schemaname Schema_Name,Decode(Sign(48 - Command),
1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,Status Session_Status, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, s.Sid, p.Spid,s.Serial# Serial_Num, Nvl(s.Username, '[Oracle process]') User_Name,
s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program, St.VALUE Criteria_Value
FROM V$sesstat St, V$session s, V$process p
WHERE St.Sid = s.Sid
AND St.Statistic# = To_Number('38')
AND ('ALL' = 'ALL' OR s.Status = 'ALL')
AND p.Addr = s.Paddr
ORDER BY St.VALUE DESC, p.Spid ASC, s.Username ASC, s.Osuser ASC
8、   (lock)  
SELECT /*+ RULE */ Ls.Osuser Os_User_Name, Ls.Username User_Name,Decode(Ls.TYPE,
'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock','TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') Lock_Type,o.Object_Name OBJECT,Decode(Ls.Lmode,1, NULL, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive',
4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive',NULL) Lock_Mode,o.Owner, Ls.Sid, Ls.Serial# Serial_Num, Ls.Id1, Ls.Id2 FROM Sys.Dba_Objects o, 
(SELECT s.Osuser, s.Username, l.TYPE, l.Lmode, s.Sid, s.Serial#, l.Id1,l.Id2 FROM V$session s, V$lock l
WHERE s.Sid = l.Sid) Ls
WHERE o.Object_Id = Ls.Id1
AND o.Owner <> 'SYS'
ORDER BY o.Owner, o.Object_Name;
9、    (wait)  
SELECT Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT COUNT, SUM(Ss.VALUE) Sum_Value
FROM V$waitstat Ws, V$sysstat Ss
WHERE Ss.NAME IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')
GROUP BY Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT;
10、 process/session   
SELECT p.Pid, p.Spid, s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$process p, V$session s
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr;
11、       session(10g)
SELECT Sid, Username, Event, Blocking_Session, Seconds_In_Wait, Wait_Time
FROM V$session
WHERE State IN ('WAITING')
AND Wait_Class != 'Idle';
12、      
col user_name format a32
SELECT /*+ rule */ Lpad(' ', Decode(l.Xidusn, 0, 3, 0)) || l.Oracle_Username User_Name,
o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$locked_Object l, Dba_Objects o, V$session s
WHERE l.Object_Id = o.Object_Id
AND l.Session_Id = s.Sid
ORDER BY o.Object_Id, Xidusn DESC;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
SELECT /*+ rule */ s.Username,Decode(l.TYPE, 'tm', 'table lock', 'tx', 'row lock', NULL) Lock_Level,
o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$session s, V$lock l, Dba_Objects o
WHERE l.Sid = s.Sid
AND l.Id1 = o.Object_Id(+)
AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;
13、           /           
SELECT Se.Sid, s.Username, Se.Event, Se.Total_Waits, Se.Time_Waited,Se.Average_Wait
FROM V$session s, V$session_Event Se
WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL
AND Se.Sid = s.Sid
AND s.Status = 'ACTIVE'
AND Se.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'
ORDER BY s.Username;
SELECT s.Sid, s.Username, Sw.Event, Sw.Wait_Time, Sw.State,Sw.Seconds_In_Wait
FROM V$session s, V$session_Wait Sw
WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL
AND Sw.Sid = s.Sid
AND Sw.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'
ORDER BY s.Username;
14、      file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3
FROM V$session_Wait
WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%'
ORDER BY Event;
SELECT NAME, Wait_Time
FROM V$latch l
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
FROM (SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3
FROM V$session_Wait
WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%') x
WHERE x.P1 = l.Latch#);
15、        
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
SELECT Owner, Segment_Name, Segment_Type
FROM Dba_Extents
WHERE File_Id = &File_Id
AND &Block_Id BETWEEN Block_Id AND Block_Id + Blocks - 1;
16、      ,       
SELECT s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$session s, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND p.Spid = &1;
Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, TRUE);
Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, FALSE);
17、   session     
SELECT P1.VALUE || '/' || P2.VALUE || '_ora_' || p.Spid || '.ora' Filename
FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$parameter P1, V$parameter P2
WHERE P1.NAME = 'user_dump_dest'
AND P2.NAME = 'instance_name'
AND p.Addr = s.Paddr
AND s.Audsid = Userenv('SESSIONID')
AND p.Background IS NULL
AND Instr(p.Program, 'CJQ') = 0;
18、       
SELECT Do.Object_Name, Session_Id, Process, Locked_Mode
FROM V$locked_Object Lo, Dba_Objects Do
WHERE Lo.Object_Id = Do.Object_Id;
19、DB_Cache  
SELECT size_for_estimate, buffers_for_estimate, estd_physical_read_factor, estd_physical_reads
FROM V$DB_CACHE_ADVICE
WHERE name = 'DEFAULT'
AND block_size = (SELECT value FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE name = 'db_block_size')
AND advice_status = 'ON';
20、    SGA    :SGA,SGASTAT
select substr(name,1,10) name,substr(value,1,10) value 
from v$parameter where name = 'log_buffer';
select * from v$sgastat ;
select * from v$sga;
show parameters area_size   #           ,   sort_area      ;
 
         :V$DB_CACHE_ADVICE、V$SHARED_POOL_ADVICE),  PGA
      V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE  。
21、           :
AIX 5L(AIX 4.3.3   )
logon aix as root
cd /usr/samples/kernel
./vmtune (    ) v_pingshm   1
./vmtune -S 1
  oracle    initSID.ora   lock_sga = true
       
HP UNIX
Root    
Create the file "/etc/privgroup": vi /etc/privgroup
Add line "dba MLOCK" to file
As root, run the command "/etc/setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup":
$/etc/setprivgrp -f /etc/privgroup
oracle    initSID.ora lock_sga=true
       
SOLARIS (solaris2.6  )
8i                use_ism = true ,    SGA    ,    
lock_sga,      lock_sga =true     root             。
WINDOWS (    )
    lock_sga=true,      pre_page_sga=true,               
    ,           。
22、      
        
select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads';
select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads direct';
select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads direct (lob)';
select value from v$sysstat where name ='consistent gets';
select value from v$sysstat where name = 'db block gets';
           
  x = physical reads direct + physical reads direct (lob)
    =100 - ( physical reads - x) / (consistent gets + db block gets - x)*100
           90%,                     ;
       
select sum(pinhits)/sum(pins)*100 "hit radio" from v$librarycache;
           95%,        (      bind var )      ;
      
select name,value from v$sysstat where name like '%sort%';
      sorts (disk)/ (sorts (memory)+ sorts (disk))     ,      
sort_area_size       ,          。
  log_buffer
select name,value from v$sysstat
where name in('redo entries','redo buffer allocation retries');
   redo buffer allocation retries/ redo entries      1%         log_buffer
 
/////
July 28
oracle   SQL  ,        
1、           
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2、               
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3、          
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
4、      
select name from v$controlfile;
5、      
select member from v$logfile;
6、          
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、        
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8、         
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9、               
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10、       SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11。          
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position
12.         
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13。  object       
select
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = 'USER' and
a.sid = s.sid and
a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser
14。     
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15。      (top session)
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16。   (lock)  
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17。    (wait)  
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18。  sga  
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19。  catched object
SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20。  V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21。  object    
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22。     object  
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
23。  connection     
1)         
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
order by s.username, s.osuser
2)  v.sid              
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
from v$statname n,
v$sesstat v
where v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3)  sid           sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
'>' || address sql_address,
'N' status
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24.         select a.tablespace_name "     ",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "   (%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "  (M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "  (M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "  (M)",
Largest "     (M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "    "
from (select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
from dba_data_files f
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select f.tablespace_name,
sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
from dba_free_space f
group by tablespace_name) b,
(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25.           
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;
alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;
create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select * from ts_blocks_v;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
26.          :
select * from v$active_instances;
12:15 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
ORACLE      
        :CPU、  、    
1.         CPU:      CPU                      ,  ORACLE               , CPU         ,           CPU     ,      ,               CPU    ,                 KILL ;
2.           :                     , ORACLE                       ,    ,  I/O      I/O    ,   ORACLE      ,              ,  I/O        ORACLE       ,             
3.             :NET*SQL           ,   SQL        。  10M    100     NET*SQL        ,     、                     ,             3          。
?         OS     
     OS        ,DBA                 
     
  
bufpages
 buffer        ,      , bufpages  nbuf   buffer        。
create_fastlinks
 HFS            ,
dbc_max_pct
      buffer            ,                。
dbc_min_pct
      buffer            
desfree
                 ,        ,             (Crash)。
fs_async
          ,  CPU       
lotsfree
                   ,                。
maxdsiz
           ,          ,       。(32 )
maxdsiz_64bit
maximum process data segment size for 64_bit
Maxssiz
          。(32_bit)
maxssiz_64bit
          (64_bit)
Maxtsiz
         ,      
maxtsiz_64bit
    ,   
Minfree
                
Shmem
        ,         。
Shmmax
            ,         。
Timeslice
              I/O ,           ,         I/O    CPU   ,     CPU      。             。
unlockable_mem
           ,                ,              。
 
  :http://www.zdnet.com.cn/developer/database/story/0,3800066906,39276980,00.htm
11:27 AM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
UNIX        
 
1:   top  .
  top    cpu      ,              ,    
top -n [     ] -f      ,  top -n 1000 -f topsnapshot.log
  top             
Memory: 2614368K (2249100K) real, 5838616K (5264696K) virtual, 113028K free  Page# 1/1
            ,                   ,free            .
        
CPU TTY  PID USERNAME PRI NI   SIZE    RES STATE    TIME %WCPU  %CPU COMMAND
        SIZE RES
SIZE:                  。 
RES:             
            ,          , RES   .
2:             
  ipcs -m -b  ,-m        ,-b            ,              :
T         ID     KEY        MODE        OWNER     GROUP      SEGSZ
SEGSZ      .                  .
3:              
HP-UX                 1G         ,           .
   kmtune          ,         dbc_min_pct   dbc_max_pct                           ,dbc_max_pct     50,     10  .
4: HP-UX      glance
glance       ,       ....
11:16 AM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | HPUX
July 27
Oracle    (Optimizer)
     : 
1、   Oracle Optimizer         。 
2、                      ,     SQL      ,          。 
3、     FIRST_ROWS、 ALL_ROWS                   。
   :

Oracle     SQL  ,              ,           。                 (Optimizer)    。     ,  SQL         ,      ,              ,        。       Pl/sql Developer、Toad              ,      Rule、Choose、First rows、All rows      ,          ,                  ,       ?
1、        
Oracle             ,          (Rule-Based Optimization,   RBO)          (Cost-Based Optimization,   CBO)。 
A、RBO  :      SQL   ,     Oracle         。       ,   where              。 
B、CBO  :     ,        (Cost) ,        Cpu   。              ,               。           、   、        。               ,    analyze     ,                           ,             。 Oracle8      ,Oracle    CBO   。
     ,           ,           ,  IO          ,            IO,           (full table scan)    。
2、        (Optermizer Mode)
      Rule,Choose,First rows,All rows     ,           。       :
Rule:    ,         。
Choolse:        ,      Oracle        。                ,  CBO   ,           ,        ,          ,      , RBO   。
First Rows:  Choose      ,               ,                   ,           。
All Rows:        Cost   ,          ,                ,            。               。
3、            
a、Instance  
       init<SID>.ora     OPTIMIZER_MODE=RULE、OPTIMIZER_MODE=CHOOSE、OPTIMIZER_MODE=FIRST_ROWS、OPTIMIZER_MODE=ALL_ROWS   3       ,      OPTIMIZER_MODE        Choose    。
B、Sessions  
  SQL> ALTER SESSION SET OPTIMIZER_MODE=<Mode>;   。
C、    
      Hint,  : 
SQL> SELECT /*+ RULE */ a.userid, 
2 b.name, 
3 b.depart_name 
4 FROM tf_f_yhda a, 
5 tf_f_depart b 
6 WHERE a.userid=b.userid;
4、                  ,                 ?      ?
A、              
♀  Instance      all_rows    
♀        (      ) 
♀     ,      ,Oracle            。 
B、     
♀    init<SID>.ora  OPTIMIZER_MODE    ,    Rule Choose,     。     4    Hint. 
♀       
SQL>analyze table table_name delete statistics; 
♀         ,    。
5、    
A、                
SQL>SELECT * FROM user_tables 
2 WHERE table_name=<table_name> 
3 AND num_rows is not null;
SQL>SELECT * FROM user_indexes 
2 WHERE table_name=<table_name> 
3 AND num_rows is not null;
b、      CBO   ,                 ,             。
SQL> ANALYZE TABLE table_name COMPUTE STATISTICS; 
SQL> ANALYZE INDEX index_name ESTIMATE STATISTICS;
   ANALYZE     Oracle8i/9i  refrence  。
12:42 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
oracle          
 oracle           sqlplus spool    。          sqlload    。
           :
/***************************
* sql     demo.sql begin
**************************/
/**************************
* @author meconsea
* @date 20050413
* @msn [email protected]
* @Email [email protected]
**************************/
//##--markup html:html    ,   off
//##--autocommit:    insert、update、delete       ,   off
//##--define:           ,   on,   '&',       ,            .
set colsep''; //##--      
set echo off; //##--  start         sql  ,   on
set feedback off; //##--    sql         ,   on 
set heading off; //##--     ,   on
set pagesize 0; //##--      ,   24,      ,    0。
set linesize 80; //##--        ,   80
set numwidth 12; //##--  number     ,   10
set termout off; //##--             ,   on
set timing off; //##--    sql     ,   off
set trimout on; //##--             ,   off
set trimspool on; //##--     (spool)         ,   off
spool C:datadmczry.txt; 
select trim(czry_dm),trim(swjg_dm),trim(czry_mc) from dm_czry;
spool off;
EOF
/***********************
* demo.sql end
***********************/
          sqlload   ,          java   sqlload。
sqlload  ctl    。  :
/*********************
* meconsea ctl
********************/
load data
infile 'C:datadmczry.txt'
replace into table DM_CZRY
fields terminated by X'09'
(CZRY_DM,SWJG_DM,CZRY_MC)
/********************
* end
*   :   replace    append
*******************/
java    :
 java             bat  。                  properties
  。
/*************************
* ide properties
************************/
Dserver=test/test@SJJZ
sqlldr=D:\oracle\ora92\bin\SQLLDR.EXE
ctldmczry=C:\data\ctl\dmczry.ctl
txtdmczry=C:\data\dmczry.txt
  PropertyBean.java   properties  。(     !)
 DmCzry.java      db 。      :
/****************************
*     
*
***************************/
..............
sqlldr = pb.getSqlldr();
txt = pb.getTxtdmczry();
ctl = pb.getCtldmczry();
Dserver= pb.getDserver();

Process processCmd = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(sqlldr+" "+cmdStr);
.............
12:42 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
 Oracle      、          
                :
Select Segment_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 From User_Extents Group By Segment_Name
              :
Select Tablespace_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 From Dba_Segments Group By Tablespace_Name
12:36 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
July 22
Oracle     
Oracle     
 
    
  
VARCHAR2(size)
 
 
 
NVARCHAR2(size)
        ,       size    。size       4000,      1。        VARCHAR2   size。
 
        ,          ,       size       。size                     ,     4000    。     NVARCHAR2      size。
NUMBER(p,s)
    p         s    。   p       1   38。     s       -84   127。
LONG
         ,        2G   231 –1    。
DATE
           4712   1   1       4712   12   31  。
RAW(size)
    size           。size       2000   。     RAW       size。
LONG RAW
            ,        2G   。
CHAR(size)
 
 
NCHAR(size)
 
         ,     size   。size       2000   。       size      。
 
         ,               size       。size                     ,     2000    。       size         ,       。
CLOB
 
 
 
NCLOB
 
 
        ,         。           。      4G   。
 
        ,             。           。      4G   。         。
BLOB
        。      4G   。
BFILE
               ,          。         I/O                LOB。      4G   。
 
 
 
 
 
3:57 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
July 19
ORACLE    
 ORACLE         :
0:none
1:null        
2:Row-S        (RS):      
3:Row-X        (RX):      
4:Share        (S):    DML  
5:S/Row-X        (SRX):        
6:exclusive   (X):      
         ,        。
        select ... from ... ;   2  ,     v$locked_object  。
select ... from ... for update;       2  。
     for update         ,
                (Row-X)     ,
             ,    update、delete select...for update  。
insert / update / delete ... ;       3  。 
  commit                , 
     3          3  ,                 。
           3,4    。
locked_mode 2,3,4   DML(insert,delete,update,select)  , 
 DDL(alter,drop )     ora-00054  。
        update / delete ... ;      4,5  。
DDL    6  。
 DBA  ,                  SQL  :
select object_id,session_id,locked_mode from v$locked_object;
select t2.username,t2.sid,t2.serial#,t2.logon_time 
from v$locked_object t1,v$session t2 
where t1.session_id=t2.sid order by t2.logon_time;
          ,         。
       SQL               :
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
         ,   DML            。
                ,
    OS     $kill process_num    $kill -9 process_num       ,
                  ,  OS             。
         alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';       。
5:42 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
July 18
  STATSPAGK  ORACLE  
 、  
     DBA           ,latch free wait time            。ORACLE          STATSPACK(      BSTAT/ESTAT)    DBA         。                ?       ?    YAPP      ,  STATSPACK     ,            。
 、YAPP      
  YAPP               ,                              :
  Response time = service time + wait time
                        。                CPU  ,                 。               SQL  ,CPU      buffer cache            ,               ,    ORACLE          ,          。
  YAPP          service time,wait time       ,             。   IO          ,      ‘          ,         ’, SQL   CPU     20   ,      ‘   latchwait time  20 ’     。   YAPP    ,           (       )     (         )。     YAPP          ,      :
  (1)、                  
  (2)、          
  (3)、         
  (4)、       ,              
  STATSPACK bstat/estat                          。                   ,      service wait      ,        IO ,    OS      ,     service ( CPU)  ,            :
  Response time = time compnent1+….+time componentn
                     ,                ,    。 ORACLE instance   ,         :client ( SQLPLUS,TUXEDO),    ( LOCAL = NO     ),    ( DBWR)。
 、ORACLE      
     ORACLE  (     )       CPU  (service time)               ,       SGA,     V$▁        。      session  system ,     V$SYSTEM▁EVENT V$SYSSTAT          。ORACLE STATSPACK  (     BSTAT/ESTAT)           ,         。  ORACLE       ,DBA   INIT.ORA  TIMED▁STATISTICS   TRUE   ALTERSYSTEM     TRUE。8i           1/100 。9i       1/1,000,000 (  )。      system    ,         session    。
             ,       V$SYSTEM▁EVENT,V$SYSSTAT,V$LATCH,V$SQLAREA。V$SYSSTAT     CPU  ,V$SYSTEM▁EVENT            ,V$SQLAREA          SQL  , V$LATCH      LATCH     。             Sewer Reference Mannual
 、  STATSPACK    
        V$▁                  ,                   。                ,                 。ORACLE STATSPACK           ,    ORACLE JOB         。       ,DBA    STATSPACK  SPREPORT             。STATSPACK            ,            。
  1、 STATSPACK             
           YAPP          (   )   。            sevice time          ,service time     V$SYSSTAT               V$SYSTEM▁EVENT   。 STATSPACK         '''' Instance Activity Stats for DB ''''   '''' Wait Eventsfor DB ''''    。           :
  CPU used by this session Total CPU time spent. 
  Recursive cpu usage 
  Time spent doing recursive work in the foreground .   
  This includes data dictionary lookup and any PL /SQL work, including time spent 
by SQL inside 
  PL/SQL parse time cpu 
  CPU time spent parsing SQL statements
  Recursive cpu usage parse time cpu CPU CPU used by this session     ,     CPU         other CPU
        wait time     ,           '''' Top5Wait Events ''''   5     ,        '''' Wait events for DB ''''            。
       STATSPACK     ,   YAPP       :
  (1)、  parse time cpu       
  (2)、  CPU used by this session  ,  parse time cpu,  other CPU 
  (3)、           
  (4)、 1—3       ,         
  (5)、            latch free, Tuning possibilities for wait events 
  (6)、           latch free, Tuning possibilities for  latches 
  (7)、          CPU     , Tuning possibilities for CPU
  2、Tuning possibilities for CPU
  recursive cpu usage         PLSQL       ,               ,          PLSQL,      。  CPU     PLSQL       。  PLSQL                 SQL,    recursive cpu usage          。
  parse time cpu    (parsing)SQL        ,     SQL        。       ,     MAXOPENCURSORS         。V$SQL PARSE▁CALLS EXECUTIONS       parse   。
  Other cpu    CPU             。    ,SQL     CPU              ,     V$SQL  buffer gets  SQL         , STATSPACK ,     '''' SQL ordered by Gets for DB ''''。      SQL    。 bstat /estat     SQL  ,     V$SQLAREA,  buffer gets       。9i V$SQL   CPU▁T|ME  ,          。
  3、Tuning possibilities for wait events
  db file scattered read   ORACLE     ,         ,          。i n i t .o r a  db▁ file▁mutiblock▁read▁count          ,          。        4—16,        。    DB▁BLOCK▁SlZE   。  db file scattered read      ,    IO   (        ,  IO  ),          (  SQL  )。    IO  。
  db file sequential read    ORACLE      ,        。  db file sequential read    ,    IO   (        ,  IO  ),      。    IO  。
  buffer busy waits        (  )                 。    free lists        ,         ,      ,V$WA|TSTAT  
STATSPACK         。
  latch free     。
  Enqueue             ,  SEELECT ... FOR UPDATE。            ,       ,              。               ,  V$LOCK           。
  log file sync             ,    LGWR LOG▁BUFFER      ,           ,   COMMIT   ,          IO  ,         '''' log buffer parallel write '''' ,  IO   CPU      。
  free buffer wait      SESSION             ,       。    DBWR            。          IO      DBWR   ,         IO       ,        。
  rdbms ipc message           ,         。''''
  pmon timer
  smon timer
  SQL*Net message 
  from client
  Tuning possibilities for latches
  shared pool    parsing,   hard parsing 。             BIND  ,     latch    ,8.1.6    init.ora   cursor▁sharing force   hard parsing   latch   ,            ,    。
  library cache   soft parsing hard parsing        latch,           ,    。 init.ora   cursor▁sharing force   soft parsing hard parsing   library cache。    session▁cached▁cursors      session soft parsing library cache   。       cursor▁space▁for▁time=true。
  mw cache  row cache      ,       。hard parsing  row cache 。 init.ora   cursor▁sharing force     。
  cache buffer chain         hash chain,           。                  l|atch   。  X$BH      hash chain         ,      ( root index block)      。
  cache buffer lru chain        LRU     。      cache buffer lru  chain       db▁ block▁lru▁latches     。
  4、Tuning possibilities for I/O 
  db file scattered/sequential read       file write(DBWR/LGWR)               ,    IO   。STATSPACK        ''''Tablespace IO Summary for DB''''               lO rate。   '''' file IO Statistics for DB''''             IO rate。     IO rate        ,     IO  。  IO rate        ( cache   2—10ms       IO 5—20ms)         IO  rate  ,      IO         。         IO      ,    IO   (        SQL)。    IO rate              ,     IO   ,           ,    (    RAID5), IO    。
 、       
    ORACLE                          ,                :
  ·ORACLE 8i          1/100 ,      |         。                ,                           。     9i     (     1/1,000,000 )。
  ·ORACLE       CPU        ,CPU used by this session            ,          CPU               ,      PLSQL,      ,             。    ,     OLTP           , DSS           。
  ·V$SYSSTAT                ,  CPU                    ,      (   DBWR,LGWR)      CPU,             。
  ·        。 SQL*NET   ,        。
  ·YAPP     ORACLE         ,  ORACLE                ,  ORACLE          。
 、IBSTAT/ESTAT   
  STATSPACK  8.1.6       ,           BSTAT/ESTAT,        :
  ·BSTAT/ESAT DBA          ORACLE JOB    ,                 。
  ·BSTAT/ESAT  SQL     ,  OTHER CPU        ,    V$SQL       SQL。
  ·  TOP5 WAIT EVENT,             。
[    ]
1:41 PM | Add a comment | Permalink | Blog it | Oracle
Oracle            
     , Oracle DBA   ,                 、        ,             Select         ,           ,                   Oracle     。               (waits)   ,                   IO,            ,          Oracle     、                       ,                  ,     Unix  。
 、                  ,  CPU、  、  、      ,                 ,                          ,  cpu     IO   。                  (cpu、  )   。
1、            IO   ?      sar,           。
  Rp1#Sar -u 2 10
     2     ,   20 ,          。
      :
  HP-UX hpn2 B.11.00 U 9000/800    08/05/03
  18:26:32    %usr    %sys    %wio   %idle
  18:26:34      80       9      12       0
  18:26:36      78      11      11       0
  18:26:38      78       9      13       1
  18:26:40      81      10       9       1
  18:26:42      75      10      14       0
  18:26:44      76       8      15       0
  18:26:46      80       9      10       1
  18:26:48      78      11      11       0
  18:26:50      79      10      10       0
  18:26:52      81      10       9       0
  Average       79      10      11       0
       %usr          cpu      ,%sys         cpu      ,%wio     io      ,           ,%idle       。  wio     ,  35%  ,       IO    ,  CPU           IO   。Idle      CPU  。       ,    wio    11  io        ,   idle   ,    cpu        。
       IO   ,           
  ♀                      ,  hp-ux             。
  ♀  Oracle     sql  ,      
  ♀ Oracle               ,                      ,          。
2、      。
           vmstat,  hp-unix     glance,Aix     topas,    vmstat pi   ,memory  free     ,glance,topas         80% ,                 ,         。
  ♀  Oracle              1/2,         40%  。
  ♀       
  ♀         ,    MTS   
  ♀    ,      。
3、              Oracle session       。
Hp-unix   glance,top
IBM AIX   topas
      ps   。
                              ,          sql      pid      sql,  sql   pl/sql developer,toad      ,  <>  spid    spid    。
SELECT a.username,
       a.machine,
       a.program,
       a.sid,
       a.serial#,
       a.status,
       c.piece,
       c.sql_text
  FROM v$session a,
       v$process b,
       v$sqltext c
 WHERE b.spid=<spid>  
   AND b.addr=a.paddr
   AND a.sql_address=c.address(+)
 ORDER BY c.piece    
              sql    ,              ,          ,   IO  ,           。
  :     sql ,      in   ,        exists     ,  Oracle   In   Or     ,           。
  :
SELECT  col1,col2,col3 FROM table1 a 
 WHERE a.col1 not in (SELECT  col1 FROM table2)
           :
SELECT  col1,col2,col3 FROM table1 a 
 WHERE not exists
 (SELECT  'x'  FROM table2 b
WHERE  a.col1=b.col1)
4、        :         sql.
 SELECT * FROM 
  (
   SELECT PARSING_USER_ID
          EXECUTIONS,
          SORTS,
          COMMAND_TYPE,
          DISK_READS,
          sql_text
      FROM  v$sqlarea
     ORDER BY disk_reads DESC 
   )  
  WHERE ROWNUM<10 ;

 、    Oracle Server        ,       v$session_wait    ,      session    ,      IO。           :
    :   io        session
 SELECT se.sid,
       se.serial#,
       pr.SPID,
       se.username,
       se.status,
       se.terminal,
       se.program,
       se.MODULE,
       se.sql_address,
       st.event,
       st.p1text,
       si.physical_reads,
       si.block_changes 
  FROM v$session se,
       v$session_wait st,
       v$sess_io si,
       v$process pr
 WHERE st.sid=se.sid 
   AND st.sid=si.sid
   AND se.PADDR=pr.ADDR
   AND se.sid>6
   AND st.wait_time=0 
   AND st.event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
 ORDER BY physical_reads DESC
            :
1、          session           ,       IO  。
2、                  ,      ?
  Select sql_address from v$session where sid=<sid>;
  Select * from v$sqltext where address=<sql_address>;
               session   。
    alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';   session  。
3、     event  ,           ,       event       :
a、buffer busy waits,free buffer waits         dbwr       , IO     , v$session_wait  free buffer wait           ,       dbwr      ,    ;free buffer wait     ,            ,      dbwr      ,    wio              ,         :
a.1     ,     db_block_lru_latches  
  :           
  db_writer_processes=4
  db_block_lru_latches=8
a.2   IO,IBM       ,hp     ,   Hp     。
b、db file sequential read,      ,     ,              ,          、sql  ,      db_file_multiblock_read_count    。
c、db file scattered read,              ,        db_file_multiblock_read_count         。
d、latch free,      ,      。
e、           。

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