Linux 시스템 하드웨어 정보 보기
14128 단어 하드웨어linux시스템 보기Linux 시스템 관리
모든 하드웨어 정보 보기
1)dmidecode
2)dmesg
Dmidecode 이 소프트웨어는 리눅스 시스템에서 하드웨어에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 합니다.Dmidecode는 SMBIOS/DMI 표준을 따르고 출력하는 정보는 BIOS, 시스템, 메인보드, 프로세서, 메모리, 캐시 등을 포함한다.
일반적으로 이 두 명령으로 직접 보는 것은 드물다. 왜냐하면 이 두 명령이 출력하는 정보가 매우 많기 때문이다.일반적으로 파이프를 사용하여 필요한 정보를 필터하여 보거나 t를 통해 지정한 하드웨어를 선택하여 정보를 볼 수 있습니다.예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.
[root@baby-centOS ~]# dmidecode | grep -i cpu
Socket Designation: CPU 1
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz
Internal Reference Designator: J2B3 - CPU FAN
Description: CPU Internal Temperature
현재 시스템의 버전을 보십시오. 만약 Redhat이라면, 보이는 파일은/etc/redhat-release입니다
[root@baby-centOS ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
현재 시스템이 32비트인지 64비트인지 확인
[root@baby-centOS ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
64
CPU
1) lscpu를 통해 cpu의 통계 정보 보기
[root@baby-centOS ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64 #cpu
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4 # cpu
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2 # 2
Core(s) per socket: 2 # cpu
Socket(s): 1 # cpu
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 800.000
BogoMIPS: 4589.75
Virtualization: VT-x # cpu
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K #2
L3 cache: 3072K #3
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
2)/proc/cpuinfo 파일에서 cpu의 모델과 최고 주파수를 볼 수 있습니다
[root@baby-centOS ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz
stepping : 7
cpu MHz : 800.000
cache size : 3072 KB
......
3) dmicecode 명령을 통해 - t 옵션을 통해 cpu 형식을 지정하여 볼 수 있습니다 (더 자세한 정보가 있습니다)
[root@baby-centOS ~]# dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.6 present.
Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Core i5
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: A7 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz
Voltage: 1.1 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 2300 MHz
Current Speed: 2300 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Other
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0007
Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Core Count: 2
Core Enabled: 1
Thread Count: 2
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
메모리
메모리 보기
1)
[root@baby-centOS ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3739 224 3514 0 15 79
-/+ buffers/cache: 129 3609
Swap: 4095 0 4095
2)
[root@baby-centOS ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 3828868 kB
MemFree: 3599240 kB
Buffers: 16096 kB
Cached: 80956 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 44676 kB
Inactive: 74332 kB
Active(anon): 22288 kB
Inactive(anon): 424 kB
Active(file): 22388 kB
Inactive(file): 73908 kB
......
3) dmicecode 명령을 통해 -t 옵션을 통해memory를 지정하여 보기
[root@baby-centOS ~]# dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.6 present.
Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 2
Handle 0x001E, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x001D
Error Information Handle: 0x0000
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A
Bank Locator: BANK 0
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: Not Specified
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Rank: Unknown
Handle 0x001F, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x001D
Error Information Handle: 0x0000
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_B
Bank Locator: BANK 2
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer: 80CE
Serial Number: 21255F39
Asset Tag: 01112100
Part Number: M471B5273DH0-CH9
Rank: Unknown
지원되는 최대 메모리 크기는 16G이며 2개의 메모리 슬롯이 있으며 1개가 사용됩니다.메모리 종류, 비트 폭, 크기, 주파수 등 메모리에 대한 상세한 정보
디스크
[root@baby-centOS ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 30G 0 part /usr
├─sda3 8:3 0 5G 0 part /
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda6 8:6 0 30G 0 part /usr/local
├─sda7 8:7 0 20G 0 part /var
├─sda8 8:8 0 10G 0 part /home
├─sda9 8:9 0 10G 0 part /tmp
└─sda10 8:10 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
각 구역의 크기와 마운트 상황을 볼 수 있고 비교적 직관적이다. 만약에 특정한 구역의 파일 시스템 상황을 관찰하려면tune2fs-l/dev/sdax를 사용할 수 있다. 물론 이것은 하드웨어 수준의 보기가 아니다.
[root@baby-centOS ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name:
Last mounted on:
Filesystem UUID: 273a5dca-3d41-47e0-b48b-ebd7a1ae98ed
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
......
보다 자세한 하드 드라이브 및 파티션 정보를 보려면:
[root@baby-centOS ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00032c3d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 3942 31457280 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 3942 4595 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 4595 60802 451480576 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 4595 11122 52428800 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 11123 15039 31457280 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 15039 17650 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 17650 18955 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 18955 20261 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda10 20261 20783 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
각 파티션의 사용을 보려면 다음과 같이 하십시오.
[root@baby-centOS ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 5.0G 377M 4.4G 8% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 31M 153M 17% /boot
/dev/sda5 50G 775M 46G 2% /data
/dev/sda8 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /home
/dev/sda9 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda2 30G 5.0G 24G 18% /usr
/dev/sda6 30G 173M 28G 1% /usr/local
/dev/sda7 20G 2.3G 17G 12% /var
네트워크 카드
lspci를 통해 pci설비를 보고 파이프 필터를 통해 네트워크 카드 정보를 찾을 수 있습니다
[root@baby-centOS ~]# lspci | grep -i net
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)
09:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1030 [Rainbow Peak] (rev 34)
이더넷 컨트롤러는 유선, 네트워크 컨트롤러는 무선이다.
ethtool 명령으로 네트워크 인터페이스의 상세한 정보를 볼 수 있습니다
[root@baby-centOS ~]# ethtool p1p1
Settings for p1p1:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Link partner advertised pause frame use: Symmetric
Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 100Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: MII
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000033 (51)
drv probe ifdown ifup
Link detected: yes
-i 보기 가능 NIC 드라이브:
[root@baby-centOS ~]# ethtool -i p1p1
driver: r8169 #
version: 2.3LK-NAPI
firmware-version: rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw
bus-info: 0000:05:00.0
supports-statistics: yes
supports-test: no
supports-eeprom-access: no
supports-register-dump: yes
supports-priv-flags: no
모든 네트워크 인터페이스(ip link show, ifocnfig -a)를 보려면 다음과 같이 하십시오.
[root@baby-centOS ~]# ip link show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: p1p1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 18:03:73:66:66:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether ac:72:89:04:ea:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@baby-centOS ~]# ifconfig
br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 18:03:73:66:66:EE
inet addr:192.168.0.165 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::1a03:73ff:fe66:66ee/64 Scope:Link
.......
모든 pci 장치 정보 보기 (-v[상세 정보], -vv[상세 정보]):
[root@baby-centOS ~]# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05) #usb
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05) #
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5) #pci
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev b5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM67 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05) #
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 525M] (rev a1) #
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) #
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05) #
09:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1030 [Rainbow Peak] (rev 34) #
0b:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04)
[root@baby-centOS ~]# dmidecode -t af
Invalid type keyword: af
Valid type keywords are:
bios
system
baseboard
chassis
processor
memory
cache
connector
slot
dmidecode 명령을 통해 위의 하드웨어를 지정하여 관련 정보를 볼 수 있습니다!!!
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