Provisionando VMs com Vagrant + YAML + Shell Script

이봐!

Vagrant é uma ferramenta poderosa para provisonar VMs (Virtual Machine), 최근에는 YAML에서 utilizá-la para subir alugns labs e decidi fazer um post de como provisionar e configurar várias máquinas de forma rápida (e organizada).

Antes de tudo, vamos utilizar o Virtual Box como provider, então precisamos dele instalado.

Uma vez que o vagrant está instalado e rodamos o vagrant init percebemos que ele cria o Vagrantfile .

$ vagrant init

A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

É nesse arquivo que a mágica realmente acontece.

Comandos básicos 및 nossa primeira VM

Ao abri o Vagrantfile ele estará desta forma:

# vim Vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "base"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

초기 상태를 유지하기 위해 다음 상자를 구성할 때 CentOs7을 변경할 수 있습니다.

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
   config.vm.box = "centos/7"
end

Uma vez com o Vagrantfile 구성, você já consegue verificar o status da vm:

$ vagrant status

Current machine states:

default                   not created (virtualbox)

The environment has not yet been created. Run `vagrant up` to
create the environment. If a machine is not created, only the
default provider will be shown. So if a provider is not listed,
then the machine is not created for that environment.

상자를 정의하지 않고 기본 설정에 따라 "기본값"이름을 지정할 수 있습니다.

$ vagrant up default

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: devto_default_1605719030819_60986
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2202.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2202 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2202
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!

Uma vez que ela está rodando, você já consegue acessá-la:

$ vagrant ssh default

Last login: Wed Nov 18 17:13:10 2020 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ 

급히! Com apenas esses passos nós criamos e subimos um VM com CentOS7. O vagrant possui vários tipos de boxes e você pode verificar através do sitehttps://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search :D

Agora vamos para o que interessa e utilizar o YAML o/

Primeiro vamos destruir a máquina que subimos:

$ vagrant destroy default

    default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y
==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...

ENV.YAML

Primeiro vamos criar um arquivo YAML onde iremos inserir as informações das nossas máquinas:

Vou montar pequeno lab com a stack ELG

# env.yaml

---
- name: graylog-lab
  box: centos/7
  hostname: graylog.lab
  ipaddress: 192.168.1.101
  memory: 2048
  provision: script/lab.sh

- name: elastic-lab
  box: centos/7
  hostname: elastic.lab
  ipaddress: 192.168.1.102
  memory: 2048
  provision: script/lab.sh

- name: logstash-lab
  box: centos/7
  hostname: logstash.lab
  ipadress: 192.168.1.103
  memory: 1024
  provision: script/lab.sh

name , box , hostname , ipaddress , memory 및 provision 의 기본 버전은 CentOS7 (<3) 입니다.


Entendendo o campo 제공

O vagrant disponibiliza provisionadores que permite que você instale pacotes e configure serviços no processo de criação das máquinas(vagrant up). 그래서, você consegue criar as máquinas com uma pre-configuração. 주요 기본 제공 항목은 Shell, Ansible, Docker, Chef입니다.

Esse recurso é muito bom para automatizar alguns processos, o provisionamento só vai acontecer automaticamente no processo de criação das máquinas mas você consegue forçar para que ele seja executado novamente.

셸 스크립트를 사용하여 DNS를 통해 DNS를 설치하고 서비스를 제공하고 구성할 수 있도록 합니다/etc/hosts.

피쿠 데스타 형식:

$ vim script/lab.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo "HEEEEY o/"
echo "Instalando pacotes..."
yum update -y && yum install -y vim java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64
echo "Configurando alguns DNS..."
file="/etc/hosts"
( 
 echo "192.168.1.101    graylog.lab"
 echo "192.168.1.102    elastic.lab"
 echo "192.168.1.103    logstash.lab"
) >> $file

Bom, criamos o env.yaml e nosso script de provisionamento, agora só falta utilizá-los nossoVagrantfile .

방랑자

Agora vamos caregar o arquivo env.yaml e configurar nossas máquinas de acordo com as variáveis ​​que inserimos nele:

# vim Vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

require 'yaml'

env = YAML.load_file('env.yaml')

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  env.each do |env|
    config.vm.define env['name'] do |host|
      host.vm.box = env['box']
      host.vm.hostname = env['hostname']
      host.vm.network 'public_network', ip: env['ipaddress']
      host.vm.provider 'virtualbox' do |vb|
        vb.name = env['name']
        vb.memory = env['memory']
      end

      host.vm.provision "shell", path: env['provision']
    end
  end
end

Com o Vagrantfile 구성, vamos verificar se está tudo ok:

$ vagrant status

Current machine states:

graylog-lab               not created (virtualbox)
elastic-lab               not created (virtualbox)
logstash-lab              not created (virtualbox)

This environment represents multiple VMs. The VMs are all listed
above with their current state. For more information about a specific
VM, run `vagrant status NAME`.

Você pode subir uma de cada vez vagrant up graylog ou apenas rodar vagrant up ele vai provisionar todas 각각.

Assim que o vagrant termina as configurações das máquinas,ele executa nosso script. Após terminar todo o processo temos 3 máquinas CentOS7 com o vim e java pré-instalados.

$ vagrant ssh graylog-lab

[vagrant@graylog ~]$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[vagrant@graylog ~]$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_272"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_272-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.272-b10, mixed mode)
[vagrant@graylog ~]$ vim -version
VIM - Vi IMproved 7.4 (2013 Aug 10, compiled Oct 13 2020 16:13:17)
Garbage after option argument: "-version"
More info with: "vim -h"
[vagrant@graylog ~]$ 

Curti bastante essa configuração do Vagrantfile, desta forma, caso for criar outro tipo de lab, apenas é preciso alterar o env.yaml e configurar o script de provisionamento :)

É isso, abs o/