링크 ux 인쇄 함수 호출 스 택

X86 에서 backtrace 는 레지스터 EBP 역 추적 호출 스 택 에 의존 합 니 다. 컴 파일 할 때 - fomit - frame - pointer 옵션 을 사용 하면 backtrace 가 실 효 됩 니 다.
아래 내용 은http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man3/backtrace.3.html 망각 용 으로 쓰다.
NAME         top

       backtrace,  backtrace_symbols,  backtrace_symbols_fd - support for application
       self-debugging

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include 

       int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);

       char **backtrace_symbols(void *const *buffer, int size);

       void backtrace_symbols_fd(void *const *buffer, int size, int fd);

DESCRIPTION         top

       backtrace() returns a backtrace for the calling program, in the array pointed
       to by buffer.  A backtrace is the series of currently active function calls
       for the program.  Each item in the array pointed to by buffer is of type void
       *, and is the return address from the corresponding stack frame.  The size
       argument specifies the maximum number of addresses that can be stored in
       buffer.  If the backtrace is larger than size, then the addresses
       corresponding to the size most recent function calls are returned; to obtain
       the complete backtrace, make sure that buffer and size are large enough.

       Given the set of addresses returned by backtrace() in buffer,
       backtrace_symbols() translates the addresses into an array of strings that
       describe the addresses symbolically.  The size argument specifies the number
       of addresses in buffer.  The symbolic representation of each address consists
       of the function name (if this can be determined), a hexadecimal offset into
       the function, and the actual return address (in hexadecimal).  The address of
       the array of string pointers is returned as the function result of
       backtrace_symbols().  This array is malloc(3)ed by backtrace_symbols(), and
       must be freed by the caller.  (The strings pointed to by the array of pointers
       need not and should not be freed.)

       backtrace_symbols_fd() takes the same buffer and size arguments as
       backtrace_symbols(), but instead of returning an array of strings to the
       caller, it writes the strings, one per line, to the file descriptor fd.
       backtrace_symbols_fd() does not call malloc(3), and so can be employed in
       situations where the latter function might fail.

RETURN VALUE         top

       backtrace() returns the number of addresses returned in buffer, which is not
       greater than size.  If the return value is less than size, then the full
       backtrace was stored; if it is equal to size, then it may have been truncated,
       in which case the addresses of the oldest stack frames are not returned.

       On success, backtrace_symbols() returns a pointer to the array malloc(3)ed by
       the call; on error, NULL is returned.

VERSIONS         top

       backtrace(), backtrace_symbols(), and backtrace_symbols_fd() are provided in
       glibc since version 2.1.

CONFORMING TO         top

       These functions are GNU extensions.

NOTES         top

       These functions make some assumptions about how a function's return address is
       stored on the stack.  Note the following:

       *  Omission of the frame pointers (as implied by any of gcc(1)'s nonzero
          optimization levels) may cause these assumptions to be violated.

       *  Inlined functions do not have stack frames.

       *  Tail-call optimization causes one stack frame to replace another.

       The symbol names may be unavailable without the use of special linker options.
       For systems using the GNU linker, it is necessary to use the -rdynamic linker
       option.  Note that names of "static" functions are not exposed, and won't be
       available in the backtrace.

EXAMPLE         top

       The program below demonstrates the use of backtrace() and backtrace_symbols().
       The following shell session shows what we might see when running the program:

           $ cc -rdynamic prog.c -o prog
           $ ./prog 3
           backtrace() returned 8 addresses
           ./prog(myfunc3+0x5c) [0x80487f0]
           ./prog [0x8048871]
           ./prog(myfunc+0x21) [0x8048894]
           ./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]
           ./prog(myfunc+0x1a) [0x804888d]
           ./prog(main+0x65) [0x80488fb]
           /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xdc) [0xb7e38f9c]
           ./prog [0x8048711]

Program source

       #include 
       #include 
       #include 
       #include 

       void
       myfunc3(void)
       {
           int j, nptrs;
       #define SIZE 100
           void *buffer[100];
           char **strings;

           nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);
           printf("backtrace() returned %d addresses
", nptrs);

           /* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)
              would produce similar output to the following: */

           strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);
           if (strings == NULL) {
               perror("backtrace_symbols");
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           for (j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)
               printf("%s
", strings[j]);

           free(strings);
       }

       static void   /* "static" means don't export the symbol... */
       myfunc2(void)
       {
           myfunc3();
       }

       void
       myfunc(int ncalls)
       {
           if (ncalls > 1)
               myfunc(ncalls - 1);
           else
               myfunc2();
       }

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           if (argc != 2) {
               fprintf(stderr, "%s num-calls
", argv[0]);
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));
           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }