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15097 단어
IO: 모델 nginx: 웹 서버 역방향 에이전트: 프 록 시 웹, mailtengine: 타 오 바 오의 nginxvarnish, squid: 캐 시 서버 nginx: 캐 시 는 디스크 와 memcached httpd: 캐 시 는 디스크 와 메모리 에 있 습 니 다.
nginx 열 배치: 부 드 러 운 업그레이드
설치 nginx:
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Development"
yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel
groupadd -r -g 108 nginxuser -r -g 108 -u 108 nginx
tar -zxvf nginx-1.41.tar.gzcd nginx-1.41./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/log/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gizp_static_module --http-client-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre=/usr --with-file-aio
make && make install
원본 rpm 패키지 로 설치:
rpm -ivh nginx-1.4.1-1.el5.ngx.src.rpmcd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/vim nginx.spec
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec
nginx: server {}: 가상 호스트 위치 {}:
location /URI/ {
   root "/web/htdocs";
}

httpd：

URI 경로:http://www.magedu.com/
nagle 알고리즘: 주로 네트워크 체증 해결
모든 server {}: 가상 호스트 location {} 을 정의 합 니 다.
location /uri/ {root “/web/htdocs”；}
httpd: 로 컬 파일 시스템 기반 경로:

uri ：

uri ：http：//www.baidu.com/（ uri ）

location [ =| ~| ~*| ^~ ] uri{...}

location uri{}:

location = uri {}： ， ， ，

location ~ uri {}：
location ~ uri {}：
uri， uri ，~ ，~ ：

location ^~ uri {}：

location / {
root /web/htdocs；
}

location /bbs/ {
root /web；
}

：
IP
location / {
root /web/htdocs；
deny 192.168.1.25；
}

location / {
root /web/htdocs；
allow 192.168.1.25；
deny all；
}


location / {
root /web/htdocs；
auth_basic "Restricted Area..."；
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.users；
autoindex on；
}

httppasswd -cm /etc/nginx/.users tom

location /status {
stub_status on；
}

http://192.168.1.28/status

status ： ， ，
reading：nginx ；
writing：nginx ， ；
waiting：

：
1.
vim /etc/pki/openssl.cnf
[CA_default]
dir = /etc/pki/CA

cd /etc/pki/CA
mkdir certs crl newcerts private

（umask 077；openssl genrsa 2048 > private/cakey.pem）

2. ：
openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem

touch serial
echo 01 > serial
touch index.txt

：
cd /etc/nginx
mkdir ssl
cd ssl

1.
(umask 077;openssl genrsa 1024 > nginx.key)

2.
openssl -req -new -key nginx.key -out nginx.csr

3.
openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 3650

server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
ssl on;
ssl_cerificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_session_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;

 location / {
    root /web/htdocs;
    index index.html index.htm;

}
}

：
server {
listen 80;
server_name sina.uplook.com;
location / {
root /sina;
index index.html;
}

LEMP：
php-fpm:
127.0.0.1:9000

nginx+PHP+MySQL
vim /etc/php.ini
vim /etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /etc/init.d.php-fpm

tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local

mkdir /mydata/data
useradd -r mysql
chown -R mysql.msyql /mydata/data
cd /usr/local
ln -sv mysql-5.6.10 mysql
chown -R root.mysql ./*
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
vim /etc/my.cnf
datadir = /mydata/data
innodb_file_per_table = on
log-bin = master-bin
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

service mysqld start

vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib

ldconf -v

ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql

tar -jxvf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
cd php-5.4.13
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets --enable-sysvshm --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --with-curl

make && make install

cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

cd /root/php-5.4.13/
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

service php-fpm start

nginx php
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
location ~ .php$ {
root /web/htdocs;
index index.php index.html
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;（ ）
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param script_filename ..;
include fastcgi_params;
}

vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...
fastcgi_param ...

vim /web/htdocs/index.php
phpinfo();
?>

IO ：
：
：
：
： ， 

    ：
    ：IO  

     ：event-driven
     ：AIO

nginx：
mmap
event-driven
；

memcached： ， string，object，key：value
hash bucket，O(1)

redis：databases，nosql

lvs
nginx
haproxy

LEMP：
enginx
web：nginx，lnmp，memcached，haproxy，tomcat，varnish

location ~* .php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}

fastcgi

nginx
main，
worker_process
error_log
user
group

events {

}

httpd {

}
http

server {

}

location uri {
directive ;
}
uri

server {
listen 80；
server_name www.maoshou.com
location / {
；
}
}

:
proxy_pass

location [op] URI {
http://172.16.100.11/;
}

~
~*
^~

location @name

location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://172.16.100.11:8080/bbs/;
}

http://www.magedu.com/forum/
--->http://172.16.100.11:8080/bbs/

location ~* ^/forum {
proxy_pass http://172.16.100.11:8080;
}

http://www.magedu.com/forum/ --->
http://172.16.100.11:8080/forum

vim /etc/nginx.conf
location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://172.16.100.6/bbs/;
}
172.16.100.6 mkdir /var/www/html/bbs

vim /etc/nginx.conf
location ~* /forum {
proxy_pass http://172.16.100.6;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
172.16.100.6 mkdir /var/www/html/forum

vim /etc/http.conf
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i" ...

proxy_set_header X-real-IP $remote_addr

get，post，head，put，trace，options，connection，delete

nginx:
round-robin
ip_hash
least_conn

vim /etc/nginx.conf
upstream websrvs {
ip_hash（ backup ）;
server 172.16.100.6 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 172.16.100.7 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
#server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}

proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache/first levels=1:2:1 keys_zone=first:20m max_size=1g;

location / {
proxy_pass http://websrvs/;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_cache first;
proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
}

server {
listen 8080;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
location / {
root /web/error;
index index.html index.htm
}
}

mkdir /web/error
vim html

mkdir /nginx/cache/first

nginx:
cache: :
：

proxy_cache_path: server{}


：

proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache/first levels=1:2:1 keys_zone=first:20m max_size=1g;
，1: 2: 2 1: 1

cache_manager:LRU

：
open_log_cache:
open_file_cache:
fastcgi_cache:

nginx limit

nginx：gzip

upstream phpsrvs {
server ....
server ....
}

upstream imgsrvs {
server ....
server ....
}

ustream staticfilesrvs {
server ....
server ....
}

location / {
root /web/htdocs;
index index.php index.html
}

location ~* .php$ {
fastcgi_pass http://phpsrvs;
}

location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {
proxy_pass http://imgsrvs;
}

rewirte:URL
if (condition) {
}

：
：
~，！~
，！
~，！~
if ($request_method="POST") {

}

if ($request_uri ~* "/forum") {
}

    ：

referer:

location / {
root /web;
rewrite "/images/" http://172.16.100.19/images/
}

：

locstion / {
root html;
index index.html;
rewrite "^/bbs/(.*)$" http://www.magedu.com/forum/$1 last;
}

http://www.magedu.com/bbs/index.html --> http://www.magedu.com/forum/index.html

locstion / {
root html;
index index.html;
rewrite "^/bbs/(.)/images/(.).jpg$" http://www.magedu.com/bbs/$2/images/$1.jpg last;
}

http://www.magedu.com/bbs/a/images/b.jpg --> http://www.magedu.com/bbs/b/images/a.jpg --> http://www.magedu.com/bbs/a/images/b.jpg

last: ， ；
break: ， ；

locstion / {
root html;
index index.html;
rewrite "^/bbs/(.*)$" /forum/$1;
}

zeromq：
mmap：
Facebook：

nginx：
IO ：
：
：
： ，
： ，


：IO
：event-driven
:aio

nginx：
mmap
event-driven
：
aio
PHP nginx fastcgi

redis：
nosql： ，

location [op] uri {
proxy_pass http：//172.16.100.11/；
}

~
~*
^~

location @name（ location）：

location / {
error 404 @fallback（ fallback）
}

location @fallback {
proxy_pass http：//1
92.168.1.20；
}

location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http：//192.168.1.100：8080/bbs/;
}
/forum/ /bbs/ ，
http：//www.psmov.com/forum/ http：//192.168.1.100：8080/bbs/ http

（ ） ， ，
location ~* ^/forum {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.100：8080;
}
http：//www.psmov.com/forum/ http：//192.168.1.100：8080/forum/ http

proxy_set_header x-real-IP $remote_addr( ， ， proxy_set_header x-real-IP $remote_addr)

：
get、post、head、put、trace、options、connection、delete

location ~* ^/forum {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.100：8080;
proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
}

nginx ：
round-robin
ip_hash： backup
least_com

nginx
cache： （ ）
proxy_cache_path: ， server
proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache/first levels=1:2:1 keys_zone=first（ location ）：20m max_size=1G
cache_manager：lru

location / {
proxy_pass http：//192.168.1.100：8080/webservs/;
proxy_cache first；
proxy_cache_valie 200 10m；
}


open_log_cache：
open_file_cache：
fastcgi_cache:

nginx limit

nginx：gzip


upstream phpserver {
server ...
server ...
}

upstream imgsrvs {
server ...
server ...
}

location / {
root /web；
index index.php index.html；
}
location ~* .php$ {
fastcgi_pass http://phpserver；
}

location ~* “.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$”
proxy_pass http://imgsrvs;
}

rewrited：URL （ ）
if （condition）{

}

：
；
~，！~
，！
~，！~

if （$request_method=“POST”）{

}

if ($request_uri ~* "/forum") {

}

：
referer：
location /images/ {
rewrite http：//192.168.1.20/images/
}

：
location / {
root html；
index index.html；
rewrite “^/bbs/(.)$” http://192.168.1.20/forum/$1 last;
}
/bbs/ , $1 (.)$，

last: ， ；
break： ， ；


webdav: http

http ：

Dav on

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

setfacl -m u:apache:rwx /var/www/html

nginx ：
location / {
proxy_pass http：//192.168.1.20/；
if （$request_method = "PUT"）
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.21;
}

curl -T /etc/fstab http://172.16.100.106

PHP+nginx :
1.nginx.conf :
index index.php,location php fastcgi_pass fastcgi_param
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.18.0.5:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
2. fastcgi_pass ， php index root
3.ls -l /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
4. :1. nginx php , 172.18.0.5 nginx root , index.php
2. nginx php , php 127.0.0.1 , nginx.conf :
(fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;)
고성능 웹 서버 Nginx 설정 및 배치 연구 (14) Nginx 를 부 드 럽 게 업그레이드 합 니 다.
StrUtils.Dupestring - 반복 문자열

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