Django 프레임워크 전체 설명 - 모델
49425 단어 Django
from django.db import models
class userinfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
email = models.EmailField()
memo = models.TextField()1、null=True
2、blank=True
django Admin
3、primary_key = False
， AutoField ， id
4、auto_now auto_now_add
auto_now --- ，
auto_now_add ---
5、choices
GENDER_CHOICE = (
(u'M', u'Male'),
(u'F', u'Female'),
)
gender = models.CharField(max_length=2,choices = GENDER_CHOICE)
6、max_length
7、default
8、verbose_name Admin
9、name|db_column
10、unique=True
11、db_index = True
12、editable=True Admin
13、error_messages=None
14、auto_created=False
15、help_text Admin
16、validators=[]
17、upload-to1、models.AutoField = int(11)
， id ， ， primary_key=True。
2、models.CharField
max_length
3、models.BooleanField =tinyint(1)
，Blank=True
4、models.ComaSeparatedIntegerField =varchar
CharField， max_lenght
5、models.DateField date
，auto_now = True ；auto_now_add ， 。
6、models.DateTimeField datetime
DateField
7、models.Decimal = decimal
max_digits decimal_places
8、models.EmailField （ ） =varchar
9、models.FloatField = double
10、models.IntegerField
11、models.BigIntegerField
integer_field_ranges = {
'SmallIntegerField': (-32768, 32767),
'IntegerField': (-2147483648, 2147483647),
'BigIntegerField': (-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807),
'PositiveSmallIntegerField': (0, 32767),
'PositiveIntegerField': (0, 2147483647),
}
12、models.IPAddressField （ip4 ）
13、models.GenericIPAddressField （ip4 ip6 ）
protocol ：both、ipv4、ipv6
，
14、models.NullBooleanField
15、models.PositiveIntegerFiel Integer
16、models.PositiveSmallIntegerField smallInteger
17、models.SlugField 、 、 、
18、models.SmallIntegerField
：tinyint、smallint、int、bigint
19、models.TextField =longtext
20、models.TimeField HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]]
21、models.URLField ，
22、models.BinaryField
23、models.ImageField
24、models.FilePathField class UserInfo(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Meta:
# app + +
db_table = "table_name"
#
index_together = [
("pub_date", "deadline"),
]
#
unique_together = (("driver", "restaurant"),)
# admin
verbose_name
# verbose_name s
verbose_name_plural
：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/models/options/1. Model ：
a. Django Admin Admiin ModelForm ， ， Model
b. Model clean_fields ， ：
# models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(error_messages={'invalid': ' .'})
# views.py
def index(request):
obj = models.UserInfo(username='11234', email='uu')
try:
print(obj.clean_fields())
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return HttpResponse('ok')
# Model clean ， ， ： 。
2.Admin
# admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from model_club import models
from django import forms
class UserInfoForm(forms.ModelForm):
username = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': ' .'})
email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'invalid': ' .'})
age = forms.IntegerField(initial=1, error_messages={'required': ' .', 'invalid': ' .'})
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
# fields = ('username',)
fields = "__all__"
class UserInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = UserInfoForm
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserInfoAdmin)b. 연표 구조
：models.ForeignKey( )
：models.ManyToManyField( )
：models.OneToOneField( )
：
： ， （ ）
： ， 【 】【 】【 】 。
： ，
： ，
： ， （
： 10 ， ，10 ， 5
ForeignKey(ForeignObject) # ForeignObject(RelatedField)
to, #
to_field=None, #
on_delete=None, # ，
- models.CASCADE， ，
- models.DO_NOTHING， ， IntegrityError
- models.PROTECT， ， ProtectedError
- models.SET_NULL， ， null（ FK ）
- models.SET_DEFAULT， ， （ FK ）
- models.SET， ，
a. ， ：models.SET( )
b. ， ：models.SET( )
def func():
return 10
class MyModel(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(
to="User",
to_field="id"
on_delete=models.SET(func),)
related_name=None, # ， ， 【 _set】 ： obj. _set.all()
related_query_name=None, # ， ， 【 】 ： models.UserGroup.objects.filter( __ =1).values(' __ ')
limit_choices_to=None, # Admin ModelForm ， ：
# ：
- limit_choices_to={'nid__gt': 5}
- limit_choices_to=lambda : {'nid__gt': 5}
from django.db.models import Q
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption='root')
db_constraint=True #
parent_link=False # Admin
OneToOneField(ForeignKey)
to, #
to_field=None #
on_delete=None, # ，
###### ######
# 1. +
# 2. ，
# A c_ptr_id ：
class C(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
part = models.CharField(max_length=12)
class A(C):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
code = models.CharField(max_length=1)
ManyToManyField(RelatedField)
to, #
related_name=None, # ， ， 【 _set】 ： obj. _set.all()
related_query_name=None, # ， ， 【 】 ： models.UserGroup.objects.filter( __ =1).values(' __ ')
limit_choices_to=None, # Admin ModelForm ， ：
# ：
- limit_choices_to={'nid__gt': 5}
- limit_choices_to=lambda : {'nid__gt': 5}
from django.db.models import Q
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption='root')
symmetrical=None, # ，symmetrical
# ， symmetrical
models.BB.objects.filter(...)
# ：code, id, m1
class BB(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=12)
m1 = models.ManyToManyField('self',symmetrical=True)
# : bb, code, id, m1
class BB(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=12)
m1 = models.ManyToManyField('self',symmetrical=False)
through=None, # ，
through_fields=None, # ，
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(
Person,
through='Membership',
through_fields=('group', 'person'),
)
class Membership(models.Model):
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
inviter = models.ForeignKey(
Person,
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name="membership_invites",
)
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
db_constraint=True, #
db_table=None, # ， 2. 조작표 a, 기본 조작
#
#
# models.Tb1.objects.create(c1='xx', c2='oo') ， **kwargs
# obj = models.Tb1(c1='xx', c2='oo')
# obj.save()
#
#
# models.Tb1.objects.get(id=123) # ， （ ）
# models.Tb1.objects.all() #
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven') #
#
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').delete() #
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').update(gender='0') # ， **kwargs
# obj = models.Tb1.objects.get(id=1)
# obj.c1 = '111'
# obj.save() # b. 진급 작업(일어나지 않는 쌍밑줄)을 쌍밑줄로 필드와 대응하는 조작을 연결한다.
#
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').count()
# ，
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1) # id 1
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1) # id 1
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10) # id 10
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10) # id 10
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1) # id 1 10
# in
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # id 11、22、33
# models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # not in
# isnull
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True)
# contains
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains
# models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven")
# range
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2]) # bettwen and
#
#
# startswith，istartswith, endswith, iendswith,
# order by
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('id') # asc
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('-id') # desc
# group by
#
# from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(c1=1).values('id').annotate(c=Count('num'))
# SELECT "app01_tb1"."id", COUNT("app01_tb1"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_tb1" WHERE "app01_tb1"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_tb1"."id"
# limit 、offset
#
# models.Tb1.objects.all()[10:20]
# regex ，iregex
#
# Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r'^(An?|The) +')
# Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r'^(an?|the) +')
# date
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))
# year
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2005)
# month
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6)
# day
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3)
# week_day
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2)
# hour
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23)
# Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12)
# minute
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29)
# Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29)
# second
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31)
# Event.objects.filter(time__second=2)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)c. 기타 조작
# extra
#
# extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
# Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))
# Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])
# Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])
# Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])
# F
#
# from django.db.models import F
# models.Tb1.objects.update(num=F('num')+1)
# Q
#
# ：
# Q(nid__gt=10)
# Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
# Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption='root')
# ：
# con = Q()
# q1 = Q()
# q1.connector = 'OR'
# q1.children.append(('id', 1))
# q1.children.append(('id', 10))
# q1.children.append(('id', 9))
# q2 = Q()
# q2.connector = 'OR'
# q2.children.append(('c1', 1))
# q2.children.append(('c1', 10))
# q2.children.append(('c1', 9))
# con.add(q1, 'AND')
# con.add(q2, 'AND')
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(con)
# SQL
#
# from django.db import connection, connections
# cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections['default'].cursor()
# cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
# row = cursor.fetchone()d. 테이블 연결 작업(일어나지 않는 이중 밑줄)은 이중 밑줄과 를 이용한다.set 테이블 사이의 조작을 연결합니다
#
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user_info = models.OneToOneField('UserInfo')
username = models.CharField(max_length=64)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.username
class UserInfo(models.Model):
user_type_choice = (
(0, u' '),
(1, u' '),
)
user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choice)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
address = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class UserGroup(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=64)
user_info = models.ManyToManyField('UserInfo')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.caption
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=64)
ip = models.GenericIPAddressField()
user_group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.hostname #
user_info_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).first()
print user_info_obj.user_type
print user_info_obj.get_user_type_display()
print user_info_obj.userprofile.password
user_info_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).values('email', 'userprofile__username').first()
print user_info_obj.keys()
print user_info_obj.values() #
#
dic = {
"hostname": " 1",
"ip": "192.168.1.1",
"user_group_id": 1, # "user_group"
}
models.Host.objects.create(**dic)
#
host_obj = models.Host.objects.all()
print(type(host_obj), # 'django.db.models.query.QuerySet'>
host_obj) # 1>]>
for item in host_obj:
print(item.hostname)
print(item.user_group.caption)
print(item.user_group.user_info.values())
# 'name': 'nick', 'user_type': 1, 'id': 1, 'email': '[email protected]', 'address': '128 '}]>
usergroup_obj = models.Host.objects.filter(user_group__caption=' 1')
print(usergroup_obj)
#
usergroup_obj = models.UserGroup.objects.get(id=1)
print(usergroup_obj.caption)
ret = usergroup_obj.host_set.all() # id=1 host
print(ret)
obj = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(host__ip='192.168.1.1').\
values('host__id', 'host__hostname')
print(obj) # 'host__id': 1, 'host__hostname': ' 1'}]>
#
user_info_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(name='nick')
user_info_objs = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
group_obj = models.UserGroup.objects.get(caption='CTO')
group_objs = models.UserGroup.objects.all()
#
#group_obj.user_info.add(user_info_obj)
#group_obj.user_info.add(*user_info_objs)
#
#group_obj.user_info.remove(user_info_obj)
#group_obj.user_info.remove(*user_info_objs)
#
#user_info_obj.usergroup_set.add(group_obj)
#user_info_obj.usergroup_set.add(*group_objs)
#
#user_info_obj.usergroup_set.remove(group_obj)
#user_info_obj.usergroup_set.remove(*group_objs)
#
#print group_obj.user_info.all()
#print group_obj.user_info.all().filter(id=1)
#
#print user_info_obj.usergroup_set.all()
#print user_info_obj.usergroup_set.all().filter(caption='CTO')
#print user_info_obj.usergroup_set.all().filter(caption='DBA')
#
# userinfo_id_1 = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1)
# usergroup_id_1 = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first()
# usergroup_id_1.user_info.add(*userinfo_id_1) 확장:a, 사용자 지정 업로드
def upload_file(request):
if request.method == "POST":
obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
f = open(obj.name, 'wb')
for chunk in obj.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
f.close()
return render(request, 'file.html')b. Form 업로드 파일 인스턴스
# HTML
# Form
class FileForm(forms.Form):
ExcelFile = forms.FileField()
# Models
from django.db import models
class UploadFile(models.Model):
userid = models.CharField(max_length = 30)
file = models.FileField(upload_to = './upload/')
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# Views
def UploadFile(request):
uf = AssetForm.FileForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
if uf.is_valid():
upload = models.UploadFile()
upload.userid = 1
upload.file = uf.cleaned_data['ExcelFile']
upload.save()
print upload.filec.ajax 파일 업로드 실례
# html
<div>
{{ up.ExcelFile }}
<input type="button" id="submitj" value=" " />
div>
<script src="/static/js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js">script>
<script>
$('#submitj').bind("click",function () {
var file = $('#id_ExcelFile')[0].files[0];
var form = new FormData();
form.append('ExcelFile', file);
$.ajax({
type:'POST',
url: '/view1/',
data: form,
processData: false, // tell jQuery not to process the data
contentType: false, // tell jQuery not to set contentType
success: function(arg){
console.log(arg);
}
})
})
script>
# Form
class FileForm(forms.Form):
ExcelFile = forms.FileField()
# Models
from django.db import models
class UploadFile(models.Model):
userid = models.CharField(max_length = 30)
file = models.FileField(upload_to = './upload/')
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# View
from study1 import forms
def UploadFile(request):
uf = AssetForm.FileForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
if uf.is_valid():
upload = models.UploadFile()
upload.userid = 1
upload.file = uf.cleaned_data['ExcelFile']
upload.save()
print upload.file
return render(request, 'file.html', locals())이 내용에 흥미가 있습니까?
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