1029 C 언어 문법 정의와 C 프로그램의 유도 과정

 
  
1 阅读并理解提供给大家的C语言文法文件。
 
  
 
  
2 参考该文件写出一个自己好理解版的现实版的完整版的C语言文法。
 
  
 
  
3 给出一段C程序，写出用上述文法产生这段C程序的推导过程。
 
  

program →
       external_declaration
      | program external_declaration
<   >→
<    >
| <   > <    >

external_declaration →
      function_definition
      | declaration
    >→
<    >
 |<  >

function_definition → type_specifier declarator compound_statement
< <    >→<     >  <   > <    >

type_specifier →
      VOID
      | CHAR
      | INT
      | FLOAT
<     >→
<    >
| <   >
| <  >
| <   >
 
declarator
      pointer direct_declarator
      | direct_declarator
<   >
 <  > <     >
 | <     >
 
Pointer→
      '*'
      | '*' pointer
<  >→
<'*'>  
|  <'*'   >

direct_declarator
      IDENTIFIER
   |direct_declarator’[‘ ‘]’
      |direct_declarator ’[’ constant_expression ’]’
      | IDENTIFIER '(' parameter_list ')'
| IDENTIFIER '('  ')'
      |direct_declarator  ‘,’  identifier_list
<     >  <   >
| <    >[]
| <    ><[     ]>
| <   >(   )
| <   >()
| <    >,<      >
 
identifier_list
      : IDENTIFIER
      | identifier_list ',' IDENTIFIER
<     >
：<   >
| <     >,<   >
constant_expression→
      conditional_expression
<     >→
<     >
 
parameter_list →
       parameter_declaration
<    >→
<     >
 | <       ','     >
 
      | parameter_list ',' parameter_declaration
<    >→<    > | <    >,<    >

parameter_declaration →
      declaration_specifiers  IDENTIFIER
<    >→<     ><    >
 
compound_statement →
       '{' '}'
      | '{' statement_list '}'
      | '{' declaration_list statement_list '}'
<    >→ '{' '} '  |  '{'    '}'  |   '{'      '}'
 
declaration_list →
       declaration
      | declaration_list declaration
<    >→<  > | <       >
 
Declaration→
       init_declarator
      | init_declarator_list ',' init_declarator
 
init_declarator →
       declarator
      | declarator '=' initializer
<     >→
<  >
| <  '='     >
 
Initializer →
       assignment_expression
      | '{' initializer_list '}'
      | '{' initializer_list ',' '}'
<     >→
<     >
| <'{'      '}' >
| <'{'       ',' '}'>
 
initializer_list →
       initializer
      | initializer_list ',' initializer
<     >→
<     >
 | <     ','     >
 
statement_list→
      statement
      | statement_list statement
<    >→<  >
 | <        >
 
Statement →
      | compound_statement
      | expression_statement
      | selection_statement
      | iteration_statement
      | jump_statement
<  >→
　　<    >
 | <     >
 | <    >
| <    >
| <    >  
 
 
expression_statement →
      ';'
      | expression ';'
<     >→';'  
|  <    ';'>
 
selection_statement
      : IF '(' expression ')' statement
      | IF '(' expression ')' statement ELSE statement
<    >
　　：IF'('   ”)  
 　　|  IF'('     ')'        
 
iteration_statement→
       WHILE '(' expression ')' statement
      | FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement ')' statement
      | FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement expression ')' statement
<    >→
 WHILE '('    ')'   
| FOR '('             ')'   
 | FOR '('                  ')'  
 
 
jump_statement
      | CONTINUE ';'
      | BREAK ';'
      | RETURN ';'
      | RETURN expression ';'
<    >
 |  CONTINUE ';' 
|  BREAK ';' 
|  RETURN ';' 
 | RETURN     ';'
 
expression
      : assignment_expression
      | expression ',' assignment_expression
<   >
：     
  |      ','      
 
assignment_expression →
      conditional_expression
      | unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression
<     >→
<      >
 |  <                 >
 
conditional_expression →
       logical_or_expression
      | logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' conditional_expression
<     >→
<     >
 | <     '?'     ':'     >
 
logical_or_expression →
      logical_and_expression
      | logical_or_expression OR_OP logical_and_expression
<     >→
<     >
  | <               >
 
logical_and_expression
      : inclusive_or_expression
      | logical_and_expression AND_OP inclusive_or_expression
<     >
：    
| <             >
 
inclusive_or_expression→
      exclusive_or_expression
      | inclusive_or_expression '|' exclusive_or_expression
      →
      |        '|'      
exclusive_or_expression
      : and_expression
      | exclusive_or_expression '^' and_expression
     
：    
 |       '^'    
 
and_expression
      : equality_expression
      | and_expression '&' equality_expression
    
：     
 |     '&'     
 
equality_expression
      : relational_expression
      | equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression
      | equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression
     
：     
|               
|                
 
relational_expression
      : shift_expression
      | relational_expression '<' shift_expression
      | relational_expression '>' shift_expression
      | relational_expression LE_OP shift_expression
      | relational_expression GE_OP shift_expression
     
：     
|      '<'     
|      '>'      
 |                  
|                 
 
 
 
shift_expression
      : additive_expression
      | shift_expression LEFT_OP additive_expression
      | shift_expression RIGHT_OP additive_expression
     
：     
|              
 |              
 
additive_expression
      : multiplicative_expression
      | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
      | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
     
：     
|      '+'     
|      '-'     
 
multiplicative_expression
      : cast_expression
      | multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression
      | multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression
      | multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression
     ：
       
|      '*'       
|      '/'       
|      '%'       
 
 
cast_expression
      : unary_expression
      | '(' type_name ')' cast_expression
       ：
      
|  '('      ')'       
 
unary_expression
      : postfix_expression
      | INC_OP unary_expression
      | DEC_OP unary_expression
      | unary_operator cast_expression
      | SIZEOF unary_expression
      | SIZEOF '(' type_name ')'
     ：     
 | INC       
| DEC       
 |          
|             
|       '('      ')'
 
postfix_expression →
      : primary_expression
      | postfix_expression '[' expression ']'
      | postfix_expression '(' ')'
      | postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'
      | postfix_expression '.' IDENTIFIER
      | postfix_expression PTR_OP IDENTIFIER
      | postfix_expression INC_OP
      | postfix_expression DEC_OP
     ：      |      '['   ']'  |      '(' ') |       '('       ')'   |      '.'     |                 |      INC    |      DEC  
 
 
primary_expression →
      IDENTIFIER
      | CONSTANT
      | STRING_LITERAL
      | '(' expression ')'
     →     |    |       |  '('   ')'
 
argument_expression_list
      : assignment_expression
      | argument_expression_list ',' assignment_expression
       :       |        ','     
 
unary_operator
      : '&'
      | '*'
      | '+'
      | '-'
      | '~'
      | '!'
     : '&'  |  '*'  |  '+'  |  '-'  |  '~'  |  '!'
 
assignment_operator →
       '='
      | MUL_ASSIGN
      | DIV_ASSIGN
      | MOD_ASSIGN
      | ADD_ASSIGN
      | SUB_ASSIGN
      | LEFT_ASSIGN
      | RIGHT_ASSIGN
      | AND_ASSIGN
      | XOR_ASSIGN
      | OR_ASSIGN
     →'='  |      | DIV   | MOD   |       |  SUB    |     |     |     |      |    
 
 
storage_class_specifier →
       TYPEDEF
      | EXTERN
      | STATIC
      | AUTO
      | REGISTER
      →     |      |      |      |     
 
struct_or_union_specifier
      : struct_or_union IDENTIFIER '{' struct_declaration_list '}'
      | struct_or_union '{' struct_declaration_list '}'
      | struct_or_union IDENTIFIER
        ：        '{'       '}'  |      '{'       '}'  |         
 
struct_or_union
      : STRUCT
      | UNION
     ：    |   
 
struct_declaration_list
      : struct_declaration
      | struct_declaration_list struct_declaration
       ：      |             
 
struct_declaration
      : specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list ';'
specifier_qualifier_list →
       type_specifier specifier_qualifier_list
      | type_specifier
      | type_qualifier specifier_qualifier_list
      | type_qualifier
           ：             ';'   →              |        |               |      
 
struct_declarator_list →
       struct_declarator
      | struct_declarator_list ',' struct_declarator
             →      |        ','     
 
struct_declarator →
      : declarator
      | ':' constant_expression
      | declarator ':' constant_expression
           →：   |  ':'      |   ':'     
 
enum_specifier →
       ENUM '{' enumerator_list '}'
      | ENUM IDENTIFIER '{' enumerator_list '}'
      | ENUM IDENTIFIER
    →  '{'     '}'  |      '{'     '}'  |      
 
     
enumerator_list →
       enumerator
      | enumerator_list ',' enumerator
           →    |      ','   
 
Enumerator →
       IDENTIFIER
      | IDENTIFIER '=' constant_expression
         →    |    '='     
 
type_qualifier →
       CONST
      | VOLATILE
           →   |      
 
type_qualifier_list →
       type_qualifier
      | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
             →      |               
 
parameter_type_list →
       parameter_list
      | parameter_list ',' ELLIPSIS
      →     |     ','    
     
parameter_list →
      : parameter_declaration
      | parameter_list ',' parameter_declaration
          →：     |     ','    
 
type_name →
       specifier_qualifier_list
      | specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
          →        |           
 
abstract_declarator →
       pointer
      | direct_abstract_declarator
      | pointer direct_abstract_declarator
           →   |         |          
 
direct_abstract_declarator →
       '(' abstract_declarator ')'
      | '[' ']'
      | '[' constant_expression ']'
      | direct_abstract_declarator '[' ']'
      | direct_abstract_declarator '[' constant_expression ']'
      | '(' ')'
      | '(' parameter_type_list ')'
      | direct_abstract_declarator '(' ')'
      | direct_abstract_declarator '(' parameter_type_list ')'
       → '('       ')'  |  '[' ']'  |  '['      ']'
      |        '[' ']'  |        '['       ']'  |  '(' ')'  |  '('      ')'  |         '(' ')'  |        '('      ')'
 
 
     
labeled_statement →
       IDENTIFIER ':' statement
      | CASE constant_expression ':' statement
      | DEFAULT ':' statement
     →   ':'   |  CASE     ':'    |  DEFAULT':'  

2015-10-29
16:05:16